Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T05:02:10.327Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Validation of the Seven Minute Screen and Syndrom Kurztest among elderly Norwegian outpatients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2008

Arvid Skjerve ,
Inger Hilde Nordhus ,
Knut Engedal ,
Anne Brækhus ,
Harald A. Nygaard ,
Ståle Pallesen  and
Per Kristian Haugen
Arvid Skjerve*
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Norwegian Centre for Dementia Research, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Voss DPS – NKS Bjørkeli, Voss, Norway
Inger Hilde Nordhus
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Knut Engedal
Affiliation:
Norwegian Centre for Dementia Research, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Anne Brækhus
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Harald A. Nygaard
Affiliation:
NKS Olaviken Hospital for Old Age Psychiatry, Bergen-Erdal, Norway Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Section for Geriatric Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Ståle Pallesen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Per Kristian Haugen
Affiliation:
Norwegian Centre for Dementia Research, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Vestfold Mental Health Care Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Arvid Skjerve, Voss DPS-NKS Bjørkeli, Bjørkelivegen 27, N-5700 Voss, Norway. Phone: +47 56 52 39 40; Fax: +47 56 52 39 41. Email: arvid.skjerve@bjorkeli.no.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background: Brief cognitive tests represent a first step in the assessment of elderly people referred to outpatient clinics because of cognitive impairment. The aim of this study is to determine sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratio for a positive result (LR+) for the brief cognitive tests Seven Minute Screen (7MS) and Syndrom Kurztest (SKT) in an outpatient sample of elderly patients with no dementia or mild dementia.

Methods: Ninety-five patients aged 65 years or more from 10 Norwegian geriatric and psychogeriatric outpatient clinics were included in the study. All the subjects had a Mini-mental State Examination score of 22–30. A consensus diagnosis of dementia according to ICD-10 was established by an expert panel that considered data from a standardized assessment protocol blinded for 7MS and SKT results.

Results: Subjects were diagnosed with mild dementia (n = 69) or no dementia (n = 26). Sensitivity for 7MS was 71%, specificity 73% and LR+ was 2.6. Sensitivity for SKT was 65%, specificity 65% and LR+ was 1.9.

Conclusion: Sensitivity, specificity and LR+ for 7MS and SKT were unacceptably low in this outpatient sample.

Keywords

cognitive testdementiaelderlyoutpatient clinic
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 20 , Issue 4 , August 2008 , pp. 807 - 814
Copyright
© International Psychogeriatric Association 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Borson, S., Scanlan, J. M., Brush, M., Vitaliano, P. P. and Dokmak, A. (2000). The Mini-Cog: a cognitive “vital signs” measure for dementia screening in multi-lingual elderly. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15, 1021–1027.3.0.CO;2-6>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brodaty, H. et al. (2002). The GPCOG: a new screening test for dementia designed for general practice. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 50, 530–534.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buschke, H. et al. (1999). Screening for dementia with the memory impairment screen. Neurology, 52, 231–238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Erzigkeit, H. (1989). The SKT – a short cognitive performance test as an instrument for the assessment of clinical efficacy of cognitive enhancers. In:Bergener, M. and Reisberg, B. (eds.), Diagnosis and Treatment of Senile Dementia (pp. 164–174). Berlin: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erzigkeit, H. (2001). SKT. User's Manual. Revised edn. Erlangen: Geromed GmbH.Google Scholar
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E. and McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hachinski, V. C. et al. (1975). Cerebral blood flow in dementia. Archives of Neurology, 32, 632–637.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoyl, M. T. et al. (1999). Development and testing of a five-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 47, 873–878.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, C. P., Berg, L., Danziger, W. L., Coben, L. A. and Martin, R. L. (1982). A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 566–572.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jaeschke, R., Guyatt, G. H. and Sackett, K. L. (1994). Users' guides to the medical literature. III. How to use an article about a diagnostic test. A. Are the results of the study valid? Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA, 271, 389–391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jorm, A. F. (1994). A short form of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): development and cross-validation. Psychological Medicine, 24, 145–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jorm, A. F. and Jacomb, P. A. (1989). The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): socio-demographic correlates, reliability, validity and some norms. Psychological Medicine, 19, 1015–1022.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kiernan, R., Mueller, J., Langston, W. and Van Dyke, C. (1987). The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination: a brief but differentiated approach to cognitive assessment. Annals of Internal Medicine, 107, 481–485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehfeld, H. and Erzigkeit, H. (1997). The SKT – a short cognitive performance test for assessing deficits of memory and attention. International Psychogeriatrics, 9, 115–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macaulay, C., Battista, M., Lebby, P. C. and Mueller, J. (2003). Geriatric performance on the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (Cognistat). What is normal? Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 18, 463–471.Google Scholar
Meulen, E. F. J. et al. (2004). The Seven Minute Screen: a neurocognitive screening test highly sensitive to various types of dementia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 75, 700–705.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nasreddine, Z. S. et al. (2005). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53, 695–699.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petersen, R. C. (ed.) (2003). Mild Cognitive Impairment. Aging to Alzheimer's Disease. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petersen, R. C., Stevens, J. C., Ganguli, M., Tangalos, E. G., Cummings, J. L., and DeKosky, S. T. (2001). Practice parameter: early detection of dementia: mild cognitive impairment (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology, 56, 1133–1142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qizilbash, N. (2003). Evidence-based diagnosis. In:Qizilbash, N. et al. (eds.), Evidence-based Dementia Practice (pp. 18–25). Oxford: Blackwell Science.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reilly, S., Challis, D., Burns, A. and Hughes, J. (2004). The use of assessment scales in Old Age Psychiatry Services in England and Northern Ireland. Aging and Mental Health, 8, 249–255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schramm, U., Berger, G., Müller, R., Kratzsch, T., Peters, J. and Frölich, L. (2002). Psychometric properties of Clock Drawing Test and MMSE or Short Performance Test (SKT) in dementia screening in a memory clinic population. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17, 254–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shulman, K. I. et al. (2006). IPA survey of brief cognitive screening instruments. International Psychogeriatrics, 8, 1–14.Google Scholar
Skjerve, A., Nordhus, I. H., Engedal, K., Pallesen, S., Brækhus, A. and Nygaard, H. A. (2007). Seven minute screen performance in a normal elderly sample. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22, 764–769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, P. R. et al. (1998). A 7 minute neurocognitive screening battery highly sensitive to Alzheimer's disease. Archives of Neurology, 55, 349–355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsolaki, M. et al. (2002). Greek validation of the seven-minute screening battery for Alzheimer's disease in the elderly. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 17, 139–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization (1993). The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders (F00-F99). Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Yesavage, J. A. et al. (1983). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17, 37–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar