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Impact of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella on Pacific oyster reproductive output: application of flow cytometry assays on spermatozoa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 April 2013

Nelly Le Goïc ,
Hélène Hégaret ,
Caroline Fabioux ,
Philippe Miner ,
Marc Suquet ,
Christophe Lambert  and
Philippe Soudant
Nelly Le Goïc*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), IUEM-UBO, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France
Hélène Hégaret
Affiliation:
Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), IUEM-UBO, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France
Caroline Fabioux
Affiliation:
Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), IUEM-UBO, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France
Philippe Miner
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés (LPI), IFREMER, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France
Marc Suquet
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés (LPI), IFREMER, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France
Christophe Lambert
Affiliation:
Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), IUEM-UBO, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France
Philippe Soudant
Affiliation:
Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), IUEM-UBO, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France
*
a Corresponding author: nelly.legoic@univ-brest.fr
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Abstract

The toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella recurrently blooms on the coasts of France and produces Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PSTs) that accumulate in bivalves. These toxins can affect various physiological functions including reproduction. The present study aims to validate measurements of sperm viability, DNA content and mitochondrial membrane potential in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas using flow cytometry coupled with fluorescent markers, and to use these measurements to assess the cellular parameters of sperm from Pacific oysters exposed to A. catenella. These parameters may influence fertilization, embryogenesis and larval development in free-spawning shellfish. Sperm viability and DNA content estimation were assessed using SYBR-14, which only penetrates cells with intact membranes. Cell mortality was measured with propidium iodide (PI), which penetrates cells with membrane damage. Mitochondrial membrane potential, used as an estimate of mitochondrial function, was measured using JC-1 dye, which selectively enters into mitochondria and reversibly changes colour from green to orange as the membrane potential increases. To assess the effect of toxic algae on oyster sperm, broodstock (ripe oysters) were fed toxic (A. catenella) or non toxic (Heterocapsa triquetra) dinoflagellates at 250 cell ml-1 for 9 days. After this exposure period, mature oysters were stripped and cellular responses of sperm analysed. Average DNA staining, as measured by SYBR-14, appeared lower and more variable in gametes from A. catenella-exposed oysters than in those from control oysters fed H. triquetra. Additionally, mitochondrial membrane potential of sperm from A. catenella-exposed oysters was significantly higher (1.5 fold) than that of sperm produced by oysters fed H. triquetra. Both the increase of mitochondrial membrane potential and the modification of DNA structure can be expected to impact spermatozoa ability to fertilize oocytes and could thus impact related reproductive processes.

Keywords

Harmful algal bloomSperm qualityCellular parametersFlow cytometryPacific oysterCrassostrea gigasAlexandrium catenella
Type
Research Article
Information
Aquatic Living Resources , Volume 26 , Issue 3 , 2013 , pp. 221 - 228
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD 2013

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