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Infants' responsiveness, attachment, and indiscriminate friendliness after international adoption from institutions or foster care in China: Application of Emotional Availability Scales to adoptive families

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2012

Linda Van Den Dries ,
Femmie Juffer ,
Marinus H. Van Ijzendoorn ,
Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg  and
Lenneke R. A. Alink
Linda Van Den Dries
Affiliation:
Leiden University
Femmie Juffer*
Affiliation:
Leiden University
Marinus H. Van Ijzendoorn*
Affiliation:
Leiden University
Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg
Affiliation:
Leiden University
Lenneke R. A. Alink
Affiliation:
Leiden University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Femmie Juffer or Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Leiden University, Centre for Child and Family Studies, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands; E-mail: juffer@fsw.leidenuniv.nl or vanijzen@fsw.leidenuniv.nl.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Femmie Juffer or Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Leiden University, Centre for Child and Family Studies, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands; E-mail: juffer@fsw.leidenuniv.nl or vanijzen@fsw.leidenuniv.nl.
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Abstract

In a short-term longitudinal design we investigated maternal sensitivity, child responsiveness, attachment, and indiscriminate friendliness in families with children internationally adopted from institutions or foster care in China. Ninety-two families with 50 postinstitutionalized and 42 formerly fostered girls, aged 11–16 months on arrival, were studied 2 and 6 months after adoption. Maternal sensitivity and child responsiveness were observed with the Emotional Availability Scales, attachment was assessed with the Strange Situation procedure, and mothers reported on children's indiscriminate friendliness. The postinstitutionalized children showed less secure attachment, whereas the former foster children did not differ from the normative distribution of attachment security. However, at both assessments the two groups of adopted children showed more disorganized attachments compared to normative data. Adoptive mothers of postinstitutionalized and former foster children were equally sensitive and their sensitivity did not change over time. Postinstitutionalized and former foster children did not differ on indiscriminate friendliness, but children with more sensitive adoptive mothers showed less indiscriminate friendliness. The former foster children showed a larger increase in responsiveness over time than the postinstitutionalized children, suggesting that children's responsiveness is more sensitive to change than attachment, and that preadoption foster care is more beneficial for the development of children's responsiveness after adoptive placement than preadoption institutional care.

Type
Special Section Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 24 , Issue 1 , February 2012 , pp. 49 - 64
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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