Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T19:11:13.092Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Contextual risk and resiliency during late adolescence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 September 2009

Alfred L. Baldwin ,
Clara P. Baldwin ,
Timothy Kasser ,
Melvin Zax ,
Arnold Sameroff  and
Ronald Seifer
Alfred L. Baldwin*
Affiliation:
University of Rochester
Clara P. Baldwin*
Affiliation:
University of Rochester
Timothy Kasser
Affiliation:
University of Rochester
Melvin Zax
Affiliation:
University of Rochester
Arnold Sameroff
Affiliation:
University of Michigan
Ronald Seifer
Affiliation:
Bradley Hospital for Children
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Alfred and Clara Baldwin, Senior Research Associates, University of Rochester, Department of Psychology, Rochester, NY 14627.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Alfred and Clara Baldwin, Senior Research Associates, University of Rochester, Department of Psychology, Rochester, NY 14627.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The factors contributing to the mental health of a sample of 18-year-olds were analyzed in a hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The contribution of proximal variables such as parenting behavior, intermediate variables such as other family factors, and the more distal variables such as social class and minority status were all highly significant. Child variables were also found to make significant contributions to understanding mental health. When the sample was divided into three subsamples, white advantaged, white disadvantaged, and African American (almost entirely disadvantaged), the mental health of the African American sample was higher than that of the white disadvantaged sample. The regression coefficients fit to the whole sample underestimated the mental health of the African Americans and overestimated the health of the white disadvantaged. The parenting of the African American sample was less approving and more critical and more controlling than that of the other two samples. To investigate the correlates of resilience, pairs of subjects were contrasted who had the same mental health but differed in whether they exceeded or were less than the mental health predicted for them. None of the variables in the study differentiated significantly between the two groups.

Type
Research Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 5 , Issue 4 , Fall 1993 , pp. 741 - 761
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ammons, R. B., & Ammons, C. H. (1962). The Quick Test (QT): Provisional manual. Missoula, MT: Psychological Test Specialists.Google Scholar
Baldwin, A. L., Baldwin, C., Sameroff, A. J., & Seifer, R. (1989). Protective factors in adolescent development. Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Kansas City, MO.Google Scholar
Baltes, P. B., Reese, H. W., & Lipsitt, L. P. (1980). Life span developmental psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 65–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices antedating 3 patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75, 43–88.Google Scholar
Baumrind, D. (1972). An explanatory study of socialization effects on black children: Some black-white comparisons. Child Development, 43, 261–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baumrind, D. (1977). Socialization determinants of personal agency. Paper presented at the meeting of Society for Research in Child Development, New Orleans, March 27–30.Google Scholar
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22, 723–742.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, G. N., & Rutter, M. (1966). The measurement of family activities and relationships: A methodological study. Human Relations, 19, 214–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clausen, J. A. (1968). Socialization and society. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
Coddington, R. D. (1972). The significance of life events as etiologic factors in the diseases of children. A study of a normal population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 16, 7–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, S., & Hoberman, H. M. (1983). Positive events and social supports as buffers of life change. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 13, 99–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connell, J. P. (1985). A new multidimensional measure of children's perceptions of control. Child Development, 56, 1018–1041.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crane, J. (1991). Effects of neighborhoods on dropping out of school and teenage childbearing. In Jencks, C. & Peterson, P. E. (Eds.), The urban underclass (pp. 299–320). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Derogatis, L. R., & Cleary, P. A. (1977). Confirmation of the dimensional structure of the SCL-90: A study in construct validation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33(4), 981–989.3.0.CO;2-0>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dohrenwend, B. P., Levav, I., Shrout, P. E., Schwartz, S., Naveh, G., Link, B. G., Skodol, A. E., & Stueve, A. (1992). Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders: The causation-selection issue. Science, 255, 946–951.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dornbusch, S. M. (1989). The sociology of adolescence. Annual Review of Sociology, 15, 233–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elder, G. H. Jr., (1974). Children of the Great Depression. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Elder, G. H. Jr., (1984). Families, kin and the life course: A sociological perspective. In Parke, R. D. (Ed.), Review of child development research: The family (Vol. 7). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Elliott, D. S. (1980). A repertoire of impact measures. In Klein, M. W. & Teilmann, K. S. (Eds.), Handbook of criminal justice evaluation. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Garmezy, N., & Tellegen, A. (1984). Studies of stress-resistant children: Methods, variables, and preliminary findings. In Morrison, F., Lord, C., & Keating, D. (Eds.), Advances in applied developmental psychology Vol. 1 (pp. 231–287). New York: Free Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harter, S. (1982). The perceived competence scale for children. Child Development, 53, 87–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harter, S. (1986). The self-perception profile for adolescents manual. Denver, CO: University of Denver.Google Scholar
Hollingshead, A. B., (1975). Four factor index of social status. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967). The social readjustment rating scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Inkle, D. N., Lipp, D. O., Butters, E. A., & Ciarlo, J. A. (1983). Developmental and validation of the Adolescent Community Mental Health Questionnaire (unpublished).Google Scholar
Jastak, J. F., & Jastak, S. (1978). Wide range achievement tests: Manual of instructions (rev. ed.). Wilmington, DE: Jastak Associates.Google Scholar
Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). A dark side of the American dream: Correlates of financial success as a central life aspiration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 410–422.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., Zax, M., & Sameroff, A. J. Familial and social antecedents of late adolescent materialistic and prosocial aspirations. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Kohn, M. L. (1973). Social class and schizophrenia: A critical review and a reformulation. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 7, 60–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohn, M. L. (1977). Class and conformity: A study in values (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kohn, M., & Schooler, C. (1983). Work and personality: An inquiry into the impact of social stratification. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Google Scholar
Lerner, R. M., Skinner, E. A., & Sorell, G. T. (1980). Methodological implications of contextual/dialectic theories of development. Human Development, 23, 225–235.Google Scholar
Masten, A. S., Best, K., & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2, 425–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayer, S. E. (1991). How much does a high school's racial and socioeconomic mix affect graduation and teenage fertility rates. In Jencks, C. & Peterson, P. E. (Eds.), The urban underclass (pp. 321–341). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Mayer, S. E., & Jencks, C. (1989). Growing up in poor neighborhoods: How much does it matter? Science, 243, 1441–1445.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rawlings, J. O. (1988). Applied regression analysis. Pacific Grove, CA: Wadsworth and Brooks.Google Scholar
Reich, W., Herjanic, B., Welner, Z., & Gandhy, P. R. (1982). Development of a structured psychiatric interview for children: Agreement on diagnosis comparing child and parent interviews. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10, 325–336.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reich, W., & Welner, Z. (1990). Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA). St. Louis, MO: Washington University.Google Scholar
Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American Journal Orthopsychiatry, 57, 316–331.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(5), 749–761.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sameroff, A. J. (1983). Developmental systems: Contexts and evolution. In Kessen, W. (Vol. Ed.) & Mussen, P. H. (Ser. Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 4. History, theories and methods (pp. 237–294). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Sameroff, A. J., Barocas, R., & Seifer, R. (1984). The early development of children born to mentally-ill women. In Watt, N. F., Anthony, E. J., Wynne, L. C., & Rolf, J. (Eds.), Children at risk for schizophrenia: A longitudinal perspective (pp. 482–514). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sameroff, A. J., Seifer, R., & Zax, M. (1982). Early development of children at risk for emotional disorder. Monographs of the society for Research in Child Development, 47(7, Serial No. 199).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sameroff, A. J., Thomas, S. L., & Barrett, L. (1989). Parental style survey. Providence, RI: Bradley Hospital.Google Scholar
Shafer, D., & Ambrosini, P. (1983). A children global assessment scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 1228–1231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shipley, W. C. (1967). Shipley Institute of Living Scale: Manual of Directions and Scoring Key. Hartford: Institute of Living.Google Scholar
Skinner, E., & Kasser, T. (1989). Revision of Locus of Control Scale for late adolescence. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Vaughn, C., & Leff, J. (1976). The measurement of expressed emotion in families of psychiatric patients. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 15, 157–165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Velez, C. N., Johnson, J., & Cohen, P. (1989). A longitudinal analysis of selected risk factors for childhood psychopathology. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 861–864.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wachs, T. D., & Gruen, G. (1982). Early experience and human development. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (1982). Vulnerable, but invincible: A longitudinal study of resilient children and youth. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Werner, E. E. (1985). Stress and protective factors in children's lives. In Nicol, A. R. (Ed.), Longitudinal studies in child psychology and psychiatry (pp. 335–355). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar