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Nanjing's “Second Cultural Revolution” of 1974*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 November 2012

Guoqiang Dong  and
Andrew G. Walder
Guoqiang Dong
Affiliation:
Nanjing University. Email: dongguoqiang_1962@126.com
Andrew G. Walder*
Affiliation:
Stanford University.
*
Email: walder@stanford.edu (Corresponding author).
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Abstract

China experienced extensive civil strife in 1974, as elite factionalism during the “criticize Lin Biao and Confucius” campaign revived popular contention in the provinces. Past research has characterized these conflicts as a “second Cultural Revolution” – an offensive by resurgent red guards and rebels to resist the restoration of purged civilian officials to powerful posts. In Nanjing, however, the conflicts were of an entirely different nature. Civilian cadres directed the campaign against army officers who still dominated civilian government throughout the province. Popular protests in Nanjing were not led by former rebels, whose ranks had been decimated by unusually harsh military suppression campaigns, but were instead protests by ordinary citizens who had suffered in the purges and rustication campaigns of the late 1960s. While the campaign in cities like Hangzhou and Wuhan was an offensive by resurgent rebels against civilian officials, in Nanjing civilian officials used the campaign to ensure their victory over military rivals. The Hangzhou and Wuhan pattern revived the politics of the 1960s, while the Nanjing pattern anticipated the protests against Cultural Revolution abuses characteristic of the end of the Mao era.

Keywords

Cultural Revolution“criticize Lin Biao and Confucius” campaignregional Chinese politicspopular protest in China
Type
Articles
Information
The China Quarterly , Volume 212 , December 2012 , pp. 893 - 918
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 2012 

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Footnotes

*

This article is a product of the Jiangsu Cultural Revolution Research Project, supported by the Nanjing University Humanities Fund.

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