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Networks of epiphytic orchids and host trees in Brazilian gallery forests

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2010

Igor A. Silva ,
Alessandro W. C. Ferreira ,
Maria I. S. Lima  and
João J. Soares
Igor A. Silva*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, PO Box 676, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
Alessandro W. C. Ferreira
Affiliation:
Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, PO Box 676, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
Maria I. S. Lima
Affiliation:
Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, PO Box 676, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
João J. Soares
Affiliation:
Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, PO Box 676, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
*
1Corresponding author. Email: igor6cordas@yahoo.com.br
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Abstract:

Species interactions have been recently depicted as networks, in which each species is connected to one or more other species in binary interaction matrices. Forty networks of epiphytic orchid and host tree species were assessed in Brazilian gallery forests. The nestedness of the networks was estimated with the NODF index and the significance was tested with null models. The phylogenetic structure of the network was also assessed, by searching for phylogenetic signals in the number of interactions and in the similarity of interacting species. In total, 105 orchid species and 132 host tree species were sampled. A nested pattern in all orchid–host tree networks was found. However, phylogenetic signals were not observed. The results support that the host specificity of orchids is small and most of the interactions occur among generalist orchids and generalist host trees. While the concept of species-specificity can thus be rejected, the extreme alternative – that interacting orchids and host trees are not a random subset of the regional species pool – can be dismissed as well. However, factors other than phylogenetic history may structure interaction networks of epiphytic orchids and host trees.

Keywords

Brazilcommensalismcomplex networkshost specificityOrchidaceaephylogenetic signalphylogenetic structure
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Tropical Ecology , Volume 26 , Issue 2 , March 2010 , pp. 127 - 137
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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