Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-16T12:15:57.581Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

THE WORLD GENERA OF TARSONEMIDAE (ACARI: HETEROSTIGMATA): A MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYLOGENETIC, AND SYSTEMATIC REVISION, WITH A RECLASSIFICATION OF FAMILY-GROUP TAXA IN THE HETEROSTIGMATA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Evert E. Lindquist
Evert E. Lindquist*
Affiliation:
Biosystematics Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
Get access

Abstract

A critical historical review of previous classifications and other work on tarsonemid and related mites is presented. General information concerning tarsonemids is reviewed, including the following: geographical distribution, life history, sex determination, sex ratio, copulation, adult female reproductive capacity and longevity, dispersal, food and host preferences, economic importance, and natural enemies.The generic and suprageneric taxa of Tarsonemidae, as known from the world fauna, are revised systematically and phylogenetically, based on a comprehensive assessment of morphology, ontogeny, and homology of tarsonemid structures, including their condition as found in other families of Heterostigmata. The fundamental systems of setal notation developed by Grandjean for the body and appendages of acariform mites are applied, including use for the first time of his special terminology for tarsal setae among heterostigmatic mites.Character transformation series (polarities) for the great majority of characters used in classifying tarsonemid mites are presented for the first time. The out-group method of comparison was used to propose character state polarities, based on the cladistic methodology of Hennig. The transformation series hypothesized for each of 157 characters are numbered, diagrammed in detail, and summarized in tabular form, both for the families of Tarsonemina and Heterostigmata in general and for the genera of Tarsonemidae in particular.Based on the above character transformation series, a tentative phylogeny of the genera of Tarsonemidae is proposed and illustrated by dendrograms. Three subfamilies are recognized, with Pseudotarsonemoidinae new subfam.being the sister-group of [Tarsoneminae + Acarapinae]. Seven tribes are recognized: the sister-groups Pseudotarsonemoidini and Tarsonemellini new tribes in Pseudotarsonemoidinae; the sister-groups Acarapini and Coreitarsonemini in Acarapinae; and sister-groups Steneotarsonemini and Hemitarsonemini new tribes, which together form the sister-group of Tarsonemini, in Tarsoneminae. Similar sister-groupings are proposed for the genera within each tribe, with 31 genera (7 new) and 5 subgenera allotted as follows. Pseudotarsonemoidini: Ununguitarsonemus Beer & Nucifora, 1965; Pseudotarsonemoides Vitzthum, 1921; Polyphagotarsonemus Beer & Nucifora, 1965; Nasutitarsonemus Beer & Nucifora, 1965; and Tarsanonychus new genus. Tarsonemellini: Tarsonemella Hirst, 1923. Coreitarsonemini: Amcortarsonemus Fain, 1971; Asiocortarsonemus Fain, 1971; and Coreitarsonemus Fain, 1970. Acarapini: Acarapis Hirst, 1923. Hemitarsonemini: Hemitarsonemus Ewing, 1939; Eotarsonemus De Leon, 1966; and questionably Heterotarsonemus Smiley, 1969. Steneotarsonemini: Steneotarsonemus Beer, 1954 (including subgenera Parasteneotarsonemus Beer & Nucifora, 1965, new status; Mahunkacarus Vainshtein, 1979; and Neosteneotarsonemus Tseng & Lo, 1980, new status), Ogmotarsonemus new genus, Suskia new genus, Phytonemus new genus, Dendroptus Kramer, 1876, new status; and Acaronemus Lindquist & Smiley, 1978. Tarsonemini: Fungitarsonemus Cromroy, 1958; Rhynchotarsonemus Beer, 1954; Deleonia new genus, Ceratotarsonemus De Leon, 1956; Daidalotarsonemus De Leon, 1956; Iponemus Lindquist, 1969; Pseudotarsonemus new genus; Suctarsonemus Mahunka, 1974; Xenotarsonemus Beer, 1954; Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984; and Tarsonemus Canestrini & Fanzago, 1876 (including subgenera Chaetotarsonemus Beer & Nucifora, 1965, new status; and Floridotarsonemus Attiah, 1970, new status). Tribal placement of Pseudacarapis new genus is uncertain, though it belongs in Tarsoneminae.New generic synonymies include the following: Neotarsonemus Smiley, 1967 objectively under Polyphagotarsonemus Beer & Nucifora, 1965; Parasteneotarsonemus Beer & Nucifora, 1965, and Neosteneotarsonemus Tseng & Lo, 1980 subjectively under, but subgenera of, Steneotarsonemus Beer, 1954; Praeacaronemus Kaliszewski & Magowski, 1985 subjectively under Acaronemus Lindquist & Smiley, 1978; Ditarsonemoides Kaliszewski, in prep. subjectively under Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984; Lupotarsonemus Beer & Nucifora, 1965, Metatarsonemus Attiah, 1970, and Cheylotarsonemus Tseng & Lo, 1980 subjectively under Tarsonemus Canestrini & Fanzago, 1876; and Chaetotarsonemus Beer & Nucifora, 1965, and Floridotarsonemus Attiah, 1970 subjectively under, but subgenera of, Tarsonemus Canestrini & Fanzago, 1876. Newly designated nomina nuda are Punctatutarsonemus Nucifora, 1964, referred to Iponemus Lindquist, 1969, and Lupotarsonemus Beer & Nucifora, 1965, referred to Tarsonemus Canestrini & Fanzago, 1876.Descriptions are provided of the subfamily Tarsonemoidea and of all family-group taxa of Tarsonemidae. A key to the adult females, and to the adult males and larvae so far as they are known, together with diagnoses, detailed descriptions, and habitus figures, are presented for the genera and subgenera of Tarsonemidae. Definitions of each genus- and family-group taxon, based primarily on apomorphies, are also given in the section on phylogenetic relationships. Remarks on the distribution, habitats, habits, and other taxonomic and nomenclatorial aspects are given under each genus, followed by a world list of nominate species thought to belong to each genus, and indication of material examined. Descriptions of type-species, either new or inadequately described previously, are given for genera and subgenera as follows: Nasutitarsonemus brontispae Beer & Nucifora, 1965; Tarsanonychus emblematus n.sp.; Steneotarsonemus (Neosteneotarsonemus) arcticus n.sp.; Ogmotarsonemus erepsis n.sp.; Suskia mansoni n.sp.; Pseudotarsonemus eueides n.sp.; Neotarsonemoides adae Kaliszewski, 1984; Tarsonemus (Floridotarsonemus) scaber Attiah, 1970.Based on transformation series of the same characters mentioned above, a tentative phylogeny of Tarsonemidae and other families of Tarsonemina and Heterostigmata is proposed. A sister-grouping of Tarsonemidae and Podapolipidae is strongly supported apomorphically, with Pyemotoidea being the sister-group of Tarsonemoidea. Pygmephoroidea is strongly supported as the sister-group of [Pyemotoidea + Tarsonemoidea]. Of special note is a series of successive out-group relationships to [Pygmephoroidea + Pyemotoidea + Tarsonemoidea] of Trochometridiidae, then Dolichocybidae, then Heterocheylidae, and finally the Tarsocheylidae as the out-group of all other families of Heterostigmata. Each of the latter four families, therefore, warrants superfamilial status, with Trochometridiidae and Dolichocybidae being outside of Pygmephoroidea and Pyemotoidea, respectively. The Tarsonemina is strongly supported apomorphically as a subcohort. However, Heterocheyloidea appears to represent a sister-group to Tarsonemina rather than to Tarsocheyloidea, such that a grouping of Heterocheyloidea with Tarsocheyloidea, to form a subcohort Tarsocheylina, would be paraphyletic.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 118 , Supplement S136 , 1986 , pp. 1 - 517
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adlakha, R.L. 1976. Acarine disease of adult honey bees in India. Am. Bee J. 116: 324, 344.Google Scholar
Alford, D.V. 1973. A new species of tarsonemid mite found in association with Eriophyes gallarumtiliae (Turpin) (Acarma: Prostigmata) on lime. Ent. monthly Mag. 108: 123–128.Google Scholar
André, H. 1977. Note sur le genre Mediolalata (Actinedida: Stigmaeidae) et description d'une nouvelle espèce corticicole. Acarologia 18: 462–474.Google Scholar
Aronson, J.F. 1976. Sarcomere reorganization in mite muscle. Devel. Biol. 48: 487–492.Google Scholar
Athias, F. 1972. Peridispus foliiger n.g., n.sp., tarsonemien nouveau de Côte d'Ivoire (Scutacaridae: Peridispodinae n. subfam.). Acarologia 13: 585–592.Google Scholar
Athias, F. 1973. Scutacaridae de la savane de Lamto (Côte d'Ivoire). (Acariens: Tarsonemida). I. Données quantitatives sur le peuplement, liste des espèces de Scutacarinae, description de trois espèces nouvelles. Acarologia 14: 638–656.Google Scholar
Attiah, H.H. 1970. New tarsonemid mites associated with citrus in Florida (Acarina: Tarsonemidae). Fla Ent. 53: 179–201.Google Scholar
Badii, M.H., and McMurtry, J. A.. 1984. Feeding behavior of some phytoseiid predators on the broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tarsonemidae). Entomophaga 29: 49–53.Google Scholar
Bailey, L. 1963. Infectious diseases of the honey-bee. Land Books Ltd., London. 176 pp.Google Scholar
Bailey, L. 1982. The Isle of Wight disease of honey bees. Antenna 6: 289–292.Google Scholar
Bailey, L., and Perry, J.N.. 1982. The diminished incidence of Acarapis woodi (Rennie) (Acari: Tarsonemidae) in honev bees, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), in Britain. Bull. ent. Res. 72: 655–662.Google Scholar
Baker, T.C., and Eickwort, G.C.. 1975. Development and bionomics of Chrysomelobia labidomerae (Acari: Tarsonemina: Podapolipidae), a parasite of the milkweed leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Can. Ent. 107: 627–638.Google Scholar
Baker, E.W., and Wharton, G.W.. 1952. An introduction to Acarology. Macmillan, New York. 465 pp.Google Scholar
Balazy, S., and Kielczewski, B.. 1965. Tarsonemoides gaebleri Schaarschmidt (Acar., Tarsonemidae) — jajozerny roztoczwzerowiskach kornikadrukarza Ipz typographus (L.). Polskie Pismoent. (B) 37–38: 7–18. (In Polish)Google Scholar
Banks, N. 1899. Tarsonemus in America. Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 4: 294–296.Google Scholar
Banks, N. 1904. Class III, Arachnida, Order I, Acarina, four new species of injurious mites. J. N. Y. ent. Soc. 12: 53–56.Google Scholar
Banks, N. 1912. New American mites. Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 14: 96–99, 2 pl.Google Scholar
Banks, N. 1914. New Acarina. J. Ent. Zool. 6: 55–63.Google Scholar
Beer, R.E. 1954. A revision of the Tarsonemidae of the Western Hemisphere (Order Acarina). Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull. 36: 1091–1387.Google Scholar
Beer, R.E. 1958 a. The genus Tarsonemella Hirst, with description of a new species. J. Kans. ent. Soc. 31: 188–192.Google Scholar
Beer, R.E. 1958. A new species of Steneotarsonemus, and additional information on the plant-feeding habits of Steneotarsonemus furcatus De Leon (Acarina). J. N. Y. ent. Soc. 66: 153–159.Google Scholar
Beer, R.E. 1960. A new species of Xenotarsonemus from Florida. Fla Ent. 43: 23–27.Google Scholar
Beer, R.E. 1963. Social parasitism in the Tarsonemidae, with description of a new species of tarsonemid mite involved. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 56: 153–160.Google Scholar
Beer, R.E., and Nucifora, A.. 1965. Revisione dei generi della famiglia Tarsonemidae (Acarina). Boll. Zool. agric. Bachic., Ser. 2 7: 19–43.Google Scholar
Benoit, P.L.G. 1959. The occurrence of the acarine mite Acarapis woodi in the honeybee in the Belgian Congo. Bee World 40: 156.Google Scholar
Berlese, A. 1886. La sottofamiglia dei Tarsonemidi. Bull. Soc. ent. Ital. 18: 334–354, pl. 15.Google Scholar
Berlese, A. 1898 (1900). Gli Acari agrarii. Puntata III. Riv. Pat. Veget. 8: 227–297.Google Scholar
Berlese, A. 1925. Gli Insetti. Vol. 2. Vita e Costumi. Soc. Editrice Libraria, Milano. ix + 992 pp.Google Scholar
Boness, M. 1968. Uber Milbenauftreten in Pilzkulturen. Anz. Schadlingsk. 41: 41–42.Google Scholar
Borchert, A. 1934. On the breeding-places of the external mite (Acarapis) on the honey bee. Bee World 15: 43–44.Google Scholar
Boss, G.D., and Thatcher, T.O.. 1970. Mites associated with Ips and Dendroctonus in southern Rocky Mountains, with special reference to Iponemus truncatus (Acarina: Tarsonemidae). U.S.D.A. Forest Service Res. Note RM-171: 1–7.Google Scholar
Boyle, R., and Rivierez, M.. 1934. Un cas dedermatoseaccidentaledu type sarcoptyque, pro to oquée par un Tarsonemus. Bull. Soc. Path. exot. 27: 759–762.Google Scholar
Bridges, J.R., and Moser, J.C.. 1983. Role of two phoretic mites in transmission of bluestain fungus, Ceralocystis minor. Ecol. Ent. 8: 9–12.Google Scholar
Brucker, E.A. 1900. Monographic de Pediculoides ventricosus Newport et théorie des pieces buccales des Acariens. Bull. Soc. Fr. Beige 35: 355–442.Google Scholar
Brugger, A. 1936. Zur Kenntnis der ausserlichen Acarapis-Milben. Archiv f. Bienenkunde, Leipzig 17: 113–142.Google Scholar
Brundin, L. 1976. A Neocomian chironomid and Podonominae-Aphroteniinae (Diptera) in the light of phylogenetics and biogeography. Zool. Scripla 5: 139–160.Google Scholar
Butani, D.K. 1959. Sugarcane mites — a review. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., B 49: 99–102.Google Scholar
Cameron, W.P.L. 1925. The fern mite (Tarsonemus tepidariorum, Warburton). Ann. appl. Biol. 12: 93–112, 3 pl.Google Scholar
Canestrini, G. 1888. Prospetto dell'Acarofauna Italiana. III. Famiglie: Tarsonemini e Tiroglifini e appendice agli Analgesini. Padua, pp. 309–427, pl. 22–36.Google Scholar
Canestrini, G., and Berlese, A.. 1884. Sopra alcune nuove specie di Acari Italiani. Atti Soc. Veneto-Trentina Sci. Nat. 9: 175–182.Google Scholar
Canestrini, G., and Fanzago, F.. 1876 a. Nuovi Acari italiani (1. serie). Atti Soc. Veneto-Trentina Sci. Nat. 5: 99–111.Google Scholar
Canestrini, G., and Fanzago, F.. 1876.b. Nuovi Acari italiani (Seconda Serie). Atti Soc. Veneto-Trentina Sci. Nat. 5: 130–142.Google Scholar
Canestrini, G., and Fanzago, F.. 1877. Intorno agli Acari italiani. Atti reg. 1st. veneto Sci., Lett., Arti, Ser. 5 4: 69–208 (Prospetto repagination: 1–140), 6 pl.Google Scholar
Carmona, M.M. 1968. Steneotarsonemus pallidus (Banks), um acaro com importância economica na cultura do morangueiro. Brotéria, Sér. Ciénc. Nat. 37: 95–103.Google Scholar
Carmona, M.M. 1969. Hemitarsonemus angolensis n.sp. (Acarina: Tarsonemidae) from Angola. Agronomia lusit. 30: 35–41.Google Scholar
Carter, H.F., and d'Abrera, V.St.E.. 1946. Mites (Acarina) — a probable factor in the etiology of spasmodic bronchitis and asthma associated with high eosinophilia. Hyg. 39: 373–387.Google Scholar
Caullery, M. 1952. Parasitism and symbiosis. (Transi, by Lysaght, A.M.). Sidgwick and Jackson Ltd., London, xii + 340 pp.Google Scholar
Chow, Y.S., and Liu, M.A.. 1984. Preliminary studies on a parasite and a predatory mite of the tarsonemid mite Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley, pp. 323–327in Griffiths, D.A., and Bowman, C.E. (Eds.), Acarology VI (Proc. 6th int. Congr. Acarol., Edinburgh, Scotland, 1982), vol. 1. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, England.Google Scholar
Chow, Y.S., Tzean, S.S., Chang, C.S., and Wang, C.H.. 1980. A morphological approach of the tarsonemid mite Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley (Tarsonemidae) as a rice plant pest. Acta Arachnol. 29: 25–41.Google Scholar
Clinch, P.G. 1976. Observations on the seasonal incidence of external mites Acarapis spp. on honey bees. N.Z. J. Exp. Agric. 4: 257–258.Google Scholar
Clinch, P.G. 1979. Nosema apis and mites in honeybee colonies in Papua New Guinea. J. Apic. Res. 18: 298–301.Google Scholar
Clinch, P.G., and Ross, J.G.M.. 1970. External acarine mites, Acarapis spp. (Acarina: Trombidiformes) on honey bees in New Zealand. N.Z. Ent. 4: 136–137.Google Scholar
Coineau, Y. 1974. Elements pour une monographic morphologique, écologique et biologique des Caeculidae (Acariens). Mém. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. Paris (N.S., Ser. A, Zool.) 81: 1–300, 24 pl.Google Scholar
Cooper, K.W. 1937. Reproductive behaviour and haploid parthenogenesis in the grass mite, Pedidulopsis graminum (Reut.) (Acarina, Tarsonemidae). Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. 23: 41–44.Google Scholar
Cooreman, J. 1941. Un tarsonémide mycophage nouveau (Acarien). Bull. Mus. r. Hist. nat. Belg. 17(20): 1–7.Google Scholar
Cooreman, J. 1947. Association d'acariens vivants dans les nids de Larus ridibundus Linné, à Kalmthout. Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. Belg. 23: 1–14.Google Scholar
Cooreman, J. 1958. Description de Tarsonemus bachmaieri n. sp. (Tarsonemidae) et note sur Eupalopsellus olandicus Sellnick (Eupalopsellidae). Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg., Bull. 34 (24): 1–8.Google Scholar
Cooreman, J. 1963. Notes et observations sur quelques acariens inféodés aux Coléoptères Scolytides de la faune Beige. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg. 39 (30): 1–48.Google Scholar
Cromroy, H.L. 1958. A preliminary survey of the plant mites of Puerto Rico. J. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 42: 39–144.Google Scholar
Cromroy, H.L. 1983. Potential use of mites in biological control of terrestrial and aquatic weeds, pp. 61–66 in Hoy, M.A., Cunningham, G.L., and Knutson, L. (Eds.), Biological Control of Pests by Mites. Univ. Calif., Division Agric. Nat. Resources, Special Publ. 3304. vi + 185 pp.Google Scholar
Cross, E.A. 1965. The generic relationships of the familv Pyemotidae (Acarina: Trombidiformes). Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull. 45: 29–275.Google Scholar
Cross, E.A., and Moser, J.C.. 1975. A new, dimorphic species of Pyemotes and a key to previously-described forms (Acarina: Tarsonemoidea). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 68: 723–732.Google Scholar
Dahl, F. 1910. Milben aus Erzeuger von Zellwucherungen. Centralbl. f. Bakter., I 53: 524–533.Google Scholar
Daniel, M. 1971. Podrad Sametkovci-Trombidiformes. NadkohortaRoztocici-Tarsonemini. Nadkohorta Sametky - Prostigmata. pp. 357–422in Daniel, M., and Cerny, V. (Eds.), Klic zvireny CSSR, vol. 4. (In Czech)Google Scholar
Daniel, M., Seidler, L., and Svaty, J.. 1955. Beitragzur Lungenacariasis der Menschen. Zentralbl.f. Bakter., I 162: 136–145.Google Scholar
Davis, A.C. 1938. Tarsonemus spp. attacking mushrooms. J. econ. Ent. 31: 547.Google Scholar
DeJong, D., Morse, R.A., and Eickwort, G.C.. 1982. Mite pests of honey bees. Annu. Rev. Ent. 27: 229–252.Google Scholar
De Leon, D. 1956 a. Four new Acarina in the family Tarsonemidae. Fla Ent. 39: 105–112.Google Scholar
De Leon, D. 1956 b. Some mites from lychee. Descriptions of two new genera and five new species of Tarsonemidae. Fla Ent. 39: 163–174.Google Scholar
De Leon, D. 1966. A new fern mite from Trinidad, West Indies (Acarina: Tarsonemidae). Fla Ent. 49: 127–129.Google Scholar
Delfinado, M.D. 1976. Terrestrial mites of New York — V. Tarsonemidae. J. N. Y. ent. Soc. 84: 255–274.Google Scholar
Delfinado, M.D. 1978. Terrestrial mites of New York – VI. Further notes on Tarsonemidae (Acarina). J. N. Y. ent. Soc. 86: 66–86.Google Scholar
Delfinado-Baker, M. 1984. Acarapis woodi in the United States. Am. Bee J. 124: 805–806.Google Scholar
Delfinado-Baker, M. 1985. An acarologist's view: the spread of the tracheal mite of honey bees in the United States. Am. Bee J. 125: 689–690.Google Scholar
Delfinado-Baker, M., and Baker, E.W.. 1982. Notes on honey bee mites of the genus Acarapis Hirst (Acari: Tarsonemidae). Int. J. Acarol. 8: 211–226.Google Scholar
Dittrich, V. and Streibert, P.. 1969. The respiratory mechanism of spider mite eggs. Z. angew. Ent. 63: 200–211.Google Scholar
Doucette, C.F. 1936. Observations on bulb scale mite as a major pest of narcissus. J. econ. Ent. 29: 1103–1105.Google Scholar
Ebermann, E. 1980. Zur Zoogeographie, Taxonomie und Larvalentwicklung einiger Scutacariden-Arten aus Nordamerika. Zool. Anz., Jena 205: 123–135.Google Scholar
Ebermann, E. 1982. Fortpflanzungsbiologische Studienan Scutacariden (Acari, Trombidiformes). Zool. Jb., Syst. 109: 98–116.Google Scholar
Ebermann, E., and Rack, G.. 1982. Zur Biologie einer neuen myrmecophilen Art der Gattung Petalomium (Acari, Pygmephoridae). Ent. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Hamburg 7: 175–192.Google Scholar
Eckert, J.E. 1961. Acarapis mites of the honey bee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus. J. Insect Pathol. 3: 409–425.Google Scholar
Eickwort, G.C. 1975. A new species of Chrysomelobia (Acari: Tarsonemina: Podapolipidae) from North America and the taxonomie position of the genus. Can. Ent. 107: 613–626.Google Scholar
Eickwort, G.C. 1979. Mites associated with sweat bees (Halictidae). pp. 575–581in Recent Advances in Acarology (Proc. 5th int. Congr. Acarol., East Lansing, Michigan, Aug. 6–12, 1978), vol. 1.Google Scholar
Elbadry, E.A., Yousef, A.A., and Metwally, S.H.. 1976. Life history studies on the soil mite Scutacarus agypticus with descriptions of the immature stages (Acarina: Scutacaridae). Pedobiologia 16: 167–170.Google Scholar
Emmanouel, N.G. 1981. A new species of mite from the family Tarsonemidae (Prostigmata) pest of the wheat in Greece. Int. J. Acarol. 7: 129–132.Google Scholar
Emmanouel, N.G. 1984. 11.9 The genus Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) in Greece, and the description of a new species, pp. 791–796in Griffiths, D.A., and Bowman, C.E. (Eds.), Acarol. VI (Proc. 6th int. Congr. Acarol., Edinburgh, Scotland, 1982), vol. 2, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, England.Google Scholar
Ewing, H.E. 1911. New predaceous and parasitic Acarina. Psyche 18: 37–43.Google Scholar
Ewing, H.E. 1922. Studies on the taxonomy and biology of the tarsonemid mites, together with a note on the transformation of Acarapis (Tarsonemus) woodi Rennie. (Acarina). Can. Ent. 54: 104–113.Google Scholar
Ewing, H.E. 1924. New tarsonemid mites (Order Acarina, family Tarsonemidae). Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 26: 66–69.Google Scholar
Ewing, H.E. 1929. A new variety of Tarsonemus (Acarina) from Pacific coast. Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 31: 31–32.Google Scholar
Ewing, H.E. 1939. A revision of the mites of the subfamily Tarsoneminae of North America, the West Indies and the Hawaiian Islands. Tech. Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric. 653. 63 pp.Google Scholar
Ewing, H.E., and Smith, F.F.. 1934. The European tarsonemid strawberry mite identical with the American cyclamen mite. Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 36: 267–268.Google Scholar
Eyndhoven, G.L. van, and Groenewold, H.. 1959. On the morphology of Steneotarsonemuspallidus and S. fragariae (Acar., Tars.). Ent. Ber. 19: 123–124.Google Scholar
Fain, A. 1970. Coreitarsonemus un nouveau genre d'Acariens parasitant la glande odoriférante des Hémiptères Coreidae (Tarsonemidae: Trombidiformes). Rev. Zool. Bol. Afr. 82: 315–334.Google Scholar
Fain, A. 1971. Note sur la repartition géographique des Coreitarsoneminae parasites des Hémiptères Coreides avec description de taxa nouveaux. Bull. Ann. Soc. R. Ent. Belg. 107: 81–88.Google Scholar
Fain, A. 1976. Acariens récoltés par le Docteur J. Trave aux lies subantarctiques. II. Familes Acaridae, Anoetidae, Ereynetidae et Tarsonemidae (Astigmates et Prostigmates). Acarologia 18: 302–328.Google Scholar
Fain, A. 1978. Notes sur les Coreitarsoneminae (Acari, Prostigmata, Tarsonemidae) parasites de la glande odoriférante d'Hemipteres Coreidae en Afrique Centrale. Rev. Zool. Afr. 92: 959–970.Google Scholar
Fain, A. 1980 a. Les Coreitarsoneminae (Prostigmata, Tarsonemidae) parasites de la glande odoriférante d'Hemipteres de la famille Coreidae. I. Espèces d'Asie et d'Australie. Acarologia 21: 279–290.Google Scholar
Fain, A. 1980 b. Les Coreitarsoneminae (Prostigmata, Tarsonemidae) parasites de la glande odoriférante d'Hemipteres de la famille Coreidae. II. Espèces Américaines. Acarologia 21: 346–360.Google Scholar
Fjelddalen, J., and Stenseth, C.. 1958. Nye kjemiske midler for bekjempelse av jordbaermidd. (Tarsonemus pallidus Banks). Frukt og Baer, 1958, pp. 37–42. (In Norwegian)Google Scholar
Flaherty, D.L. 1967. The ecology and importance of spider mites on grapevines in the southern San Joaquin Valley, with emphasis on the role of Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) in their natural control. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Calif., Berkeley. 174 pp.Google Scholar
Flechtmann, C.H.W. 1967. Introduço à familia Tarsonemidae Kramer, 1877 (Acarina) no estado de Sao Paulo. Anais da E.S.A. “Luis de Queiroz”, Piracicaba 24: 265–272.Google Scholar
Flechtmann, C.H.W. 1971. Alguns Trombidiformes do Brasil e do Paraguai (Acari). Piracicaba, Est. Sao Paulo. 63 pp., 16 pl.Google Scholar
Flechtmann, C.H.W. 1975. Elementos de Acarologia. Livraria Nobel, Sao Paulo. 344 pp.Google Scholar
Flechtmann, C.H.W. 1977. A abelha “africanizada”e a disseminaçao do Acarapis woodi (Rennie) no Brasil. An. Soc. ent. Brasil 6: 130–131.Google Scholar
Flechtmann, C.H.W., and Flechtmann, C.A.H.. 1984. Reproduction and chromosomes in the broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904) (Acari, Prostigmata, Tarsonemidae). pp. 455–456in Griffiths, D.A., and Bowman, C.E. (Eds.), Acarology VI (Proc. 6th int. Congr. Acarol., Edinburgh, Scotland, 1982), vol. 1. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, England.Google Scholar
Fulmek, L. 1919. Die Milbenschwindsucht des Kafers. Nachr. deulsch. Landw.-Ges. f. Osterr. 1919(1): 6.Google Scholar
Gäbler, H. 1947. Milbe als Eiparasit des Buchdruckers (lps typographies L.). NachrBl. dt. PflSchutzdienst., Stuttg. 1: 113–115.Google Scholar
Gadd, C.H. 1946. Observations on the yellow tea-mite Hemitarsonemus latus (Banks) Ewing. Bull. ent. Res. 37: 157–162.Google Scholar
Garman, P. 1917. Tarsonemus pallidus Banks, a pest of geraniums. Maryland Agric. Exp. Sla. Bull. 208: 327–342.Google Scholar
Gerson, U. 1971. The mites associated with citrus in Israel. Israel J. Ent. 6: 5–22.Google Scholar
Gerson, U., and Seaward, M.R.D.. 1977. Lichen-invertebrate associations. Chapter 4, pp. 69–119in Seaward, M.R.D. (Ed.), Lichen Ecology. Academic Press, London & New York.Google Scholar
Giordani, G. 1962. Recherches au laboratoire sur Acarapis woodi Rennie, agent de l'acariose des abeilles (Apis mellifica L.). Note 1. Bull, apicole 5(1): 1–19. (This paper also published in Italian in L'Apicoltore d'ltalia, 1962 1–2: 1–11.)Google Scholar
Giordani, G. 1963. Ricerche di laboratorio su Acarapis woodi Rennie, agente delia acariosi delle api (Apis mellifica L.). Nota 2. Bull, apicole 6: 185–203.Google Scholar
Giordani, G. 1964. Ricerche di laboratorio su Acarapis woodi Rennie, agent della acariosi delle api (Apis mellifica L.). Nota 3. Bull, apicole 7: 43–60.Google Scholar
Grandjean, F. 1939 a. Observations sur les Acariens (5e série). Bull. Mus. nail. Hist. nat. (2) 11: 394–401.Google Scholar
Grandjean, F. 1939 b. Les segments post-larvaires de l'hysterosomachez les Oribates (Acariens). Bull. Soc. zool. Fr. 64: 273–284.Google Scholar
Grandjean, F. 1940. Les poils et les organes sensitifs portes par les pattes et le palpe chez les Oribates. Deuxième partie. Bull. Soc. zool. Fr. 65: 32–44.Google Scholar
Grandjean, F. 1941. La chaetotaxie comparée des pattes chez les Oribates (1re série). Bull. Soc. zool. Fr. 66: 33–50.Google Scholar
Grandjean, F. 1943. Le developpement postlarvaire d' “Anystis” (Acarien). Mém. Mus. natl. Hist, nat., n.s. 18: 33–77.Google Scholar
Grandjean, F. 1944 a. Observations sur les Acariens du genre Caeculus. Arch. Sci. phys. nat. (5) 26: 33–46.Google Scholar
Grandjean, F. 1944 b. Observations sur les Acariens de la famille des Stigmaeidae. Arch. Sci. phys. nat. (5) 26: 103–131.Google Scholar
Grandjean, F. 1947. Les Enarthronota (Acariens). Premiere série. Ann. Sci. nat., Zool., Sér. 11 8: 213–248.Google Scholar
Grandjean, F. 1948. Quelques caracteres des Tétranyques. Bull. Mus. nat. Hist, natur., Sér. 2 20: 517–524.Google Scholar
Grandjean, F. 1952. Au sujet de l'ectosquelette du podosoma chez les Oribates supérieurs et de sa terminologie. Bull. Soc. zool. Fr. 77: 13–36.Google Scholar
Grandjean, F. 1954. Étude sur les Palaeacaroïdes (Acariens, Oribates). Mém. Mus. natl. Hist, nat., Paris, Sér. A, Zool. 7: 179–272.Google Scholar
Grandjean, F. 1958. Sur le comportement et la notation des poils accessoires postérieurs aux tarses des Nothroïdes et d'autres Acariens. Arch. Zool. exp. gén. 96: 277–308.Google Scholar
Grandjean, F. 1970. Stases. Actinopiline. Rappel de ma classification des Acariens en 3 groupes majeurs. Terminologie en soma. Acarologia 11: 796–827.Google Scholar
Gray, E.G., Shaw, M.W., and Shiel, R.S.. 1975. The role of mites in the transmission of smoulder in narcissus. PI. Path. 24: 105–107.Google Scholar
Green, E.E. 1890. Insect pests of the tea plant. Colombo, Ceylon. 85 pp.Google Scholar
Gressitt, J.L. 1957. Hispine beetles from the South Pacific (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Nova Guinea, n.s. 8: 205–324, 1 pl.Google Scholar
Gupta, P.C., and Chaudhry, H.S.. 1972. New record of Hemitarsonemus latus Banks (Tarsonemidae) as a parasite of Bemisia gossypiperda M.& L. Indian J. Ent. 33: 476.Google Scholar
Gutierrez, J. 1968. Steneotarsonemus madecassus n. sp., agent d'une deformation des panicules de riz à Madagascar. Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 72: 323–330.Google Scholar
Guzman-Novoa, E., and Zozaya-Rubio, A.. 1984. The effects of chemotherapy on the level of infestation and production of honey in colonies of honey bees with acariosis. Am. Bee J. 124: 669–672.Google Scholar
Halbert, J.L. 1923. Notes on Acari, with descriptions of new species. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. 35: 363–392, 3 pl.Google Scholar
Hammen, L. van der. 1970. Tarsonemoides limhatus nov. spec, and the systematic position of the Tarsonemida (Acarida). Zool. Verh., Leiden 108: 1–35.Google Scholar
Hammen, L. van der. 1972. A revised classification of the mites (Arachnidea, Acarida) with diagnoses, a key, and notes on phylogeny. Zool. Meded., Leiden 47: 273–292.Google Scholar
Hammen, L. van der. 1973. Classification and phylogeny of mites, pp. 275–282in Proc. 3rd int. Congr. Acarol. (Prague, 1971). Academia, Czech. Acad. Sci., Prague.Google Scholar
Harada, I. 1925. On a case of mites found in human urine. Chugai Iji Shimpo 44: 859–866.Google Scholar
(Not seen; ref.: Jap. Med. World 5: 251–252, 1925.)Google Scholar
Helle, W., Bolland, H.R., Jeurissen, S.H.M., and van Seventer, G.A.. 1984. Chromosome data on the Actinedida, Tarsonemida and Oribatidae. pp. 449–454in Griffiths, D.A., and Bowman, C.E. (Eds.), Acarology VI (Proc. 6th int. Congr. Acarol., Edinburgh, Scotland, 1982), vol. 1. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, England.Google Scholar
Henking, H. 1882. Beitrage zur Anatomie, Entwicklungsgeschichte und Biologie von Trombidium fuliginosum. Z. wiss. Zool. 37: 553–663.Google Scholar
Hennig, W. 1950. Grundzuge einer Theorie der phylogenetischen Systematik. Deutscher Zentralverlag, Berlin. 370 pp.Google Scholar
Hennig, W. 1965. Phylogenetic systematics. Annu. Rev. Enl. 10: 97–116.Google Scholar
Hennig, W. 1966. Phylogenetic systematics. Univ. Illinois Press, Urbana. 263 pp. (2nd edition, 1979)Google Scholar
Herfs, A. 1926. Ökologisches Untersuchungen an Pediculoides ventricosus (Newp.) Berl. Zoologica 74: 1–68.Google Scholar
Heungens, A., and van Daele, E.. 1980. Schadelijke weekhuidmijten (Tarsonemidae) in de azaleateelt. Meded. Fac. landbouww. Rijksuniv. Gent 45 (5): 1223–1231.Google Scholar
Hewitt, M., and Turk, S.. 1974. Notes on the occurrence of the new species. In Mahunka, S. (Ed.), Daidalotarsonemus hewitti sp. n. (Acari: Tarsonemida) from human skin in England. Parasit. Hung. 7: 193–196.Google Scholar
Hill, A., and Deahl, K.L.. 1978. Two new species of Tarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) associated with commercial mushroom production. Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 80: 330–334.Google Scholar
Hirschfelder, H., and Sachs, H.. 1952. Recent research on the acarine mite. Bee World 33: 201–208.Google Scholar
Hirst, S. 1912. On a new species of mite (Tarsonemus) injurious to sugar-canes in Barbados. Bull. em. Res. 3: 325–328.Google Scholar
Hirst, S. 1921. On some new or little-known Acari, mostly parasitic in habit. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1921: 357–378.Google Scholar
Hirst, S. 1922 a. On the mite (Acarapis woodi, Rennie) associated with Isle of Wight bee disease. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., ser. 9 7: 509–519.Google Scholar
Hirst, S. 1922 b. Mites injurious to domestic animals (with an appendix on the acarine disease of hive bees). Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Econ. Ser. 13. 107 pp.Google Scholar
Hirst, S. 1923. On some new or little-known species of Acari. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1923: 971–1000.Google Scholar
Hislop, R.G., and Jeppson, L.R.. 1976. Morphology of the mouthparts of several species of phytophagous mites. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 69: 1125–1135.Google Scholar
Ho, C.-C., and Lo, K.-C.. 1979. The survey of the host ranges of Steneotarsonemus spinki (Acari: Tarsonemidae). Nat. Sci. Coun. Mon., Taiwan 7: 1022–1028. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Hodson, W.E.H. 1934. The bionomics of the bulb-scale mite, Tarsonemus approximatus, Banks, var. narcissi, Ewing. Bull. ent. Res. 25: 177–185.Google Scholar
Holloway, T.E. 1936. Insect pests of sugarcane XIV. Facts about sugar 31: 216–217.Google Scholar
Homann, H. 1933. Die Milben in gesunden Bienenstocken. Z. Parasitenk. 6: 350–415.Google Scholar
Hsieh, S.P.Y., Liang, W.L., and Chang, S.Y.. 1977. Etiological studies on the sterility of rice plant. I. Association of sheath rot fungus, Acrocylindrium oryzae Sawada, with sterile rice plant. Plant Prot. Bull., Taiwan 19: 30–36. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Huffaker, C.B., and Kennett, C.E.. 1956. Experimental studies on predation: predation and cyclamen-mite populations on strawberries in California. Hilgardia 26: 191–222.Google Scholar
Hughes, T.E. 1959. Mites or the Acari. Athlone Press, Univ. London. 225 pp.Google Scholar
Humiczewska, M. 1967. Tarsonemoides noxius sp. n. (Acari). Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci., Cl. II, Ser. biol. 15: 89–93.Google Scholar
Hussey, N.W. 1963. A new species of Tarsonemus (Acarina: Tarsonemidae) from cultivated mushrooms. Acarologia 5: 540–544.Google Scholar
Hussey, N.W. 1964. Mites as pests of cultivated mushrooms. Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1963: 114–117.Google Scholar
Hussey, N.W., and Gurney, B.. 1967. Bionomics and control of Tarsonemus myceliophagus (Acarina: Tarsonemidae) in mushroom composts. Ent. exp. appl. 10: 287–294.Google Scholar
Ingram, W.R. 1960. The control of yellow tea mite, Hemitarsonemus latus (Banks), with DDT on cotton in Uganda. Bull. ent. Res. 51: 577–582.Google Scholar
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature adopted by the XV International Congress of Zoology, 2nd ed: 1964. Intern. Trust for Zool. Nomenclature, London, xx + 176 pp.Google Scholar
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature adopted by the XX General Assembly of the International Union of Biological Sciences, 3rd ed. 1985. Intern. Trust of Zool. Nomenclature, London. xx+ 338 pp.Google Scholar
Ito, Y. 1962. Three new tarsonemid mites from Japan (Tarsonemidae, Acarina). Jap. J. appl. Ent. Zool. 6: 108–113.Google Scholar
Ito, Y. 1963. Six newly recorded species of tarsonemid-mites in Japan. Jap. J. appl. Ent. Zool. 7: 14–19.Google Scholar
Ito, Y. 1964. Descriptions of eight tarsonemid mites from Japan. Jap. J. appl. Enl. Zool. 8: 34–44.Google Scholar
Ito, Y. 1977. A taxonomy and key to Japanese tarsonemid mites, pp. 223–240in Sasa, M., and Aoki, J-i. (Eds.), Contributions to Acarology in Japan. Zukan-no-Hokuryukan, Tokyo. (In Japanese)Google Scholar
Jeffree, E.P. 1959. The world distribution of acarine disease of honeybees and its probable dependence on meteorological factors. Bee World 40: 4–15.Google Scholar
Jeppson, L.R., Keifer, H.H., and Baker, E.W.. 1975. Mites injurious to economic plants. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley, xxiv + 614 pp., 64 pl.Google Scholar
Kaliszewski, M. 1978 a. Two new species of mites (Acari, Tarsonemidae) from Poland. Bull. Acad.pol. Sci., CI. 11, Ser. Sci. biol. 26: 231–242.Google Scholar
Kaliszewski, M. 1978 b. Description of an abnormal specimen of Tarsonemuspallidus Banks (Acari, Tarsonemidae). Bull. Acad.pol. Sci., Cl. II, Ser. Sci. biol. 26: 617–619.Google Scholar
Kaliszewski, M. 1979. Two new species of the genus Tarsonemus Canestr. et Fanzago (Tarsonemidae, Acarina) from Poland. Bull. Acad.pol. Sci., Cl. II, Ser. Sci. biol. 26: 771–778.Google Scholar
Kaliszewski, M. 1981. Study of Polish Tarsonemidae. IV. Description of the larva of Tarsonemus suskianus Kaliszewski n. nov. Bull. Acad. pol. Sci., Cl. II, Ser. Sci. biol. 28: 659–662.Google Scholar
Kaliszewski, M. 1983 a. Study of Polish Tarsonemidae. V. Description of Tarsonemus parafusarii n. sp. (Acari: Heterostigmae). Bull. Acad. pol. Sci., Cl. II, Ser. Sci. biol. 29: 385–392.Google Scholar
Kaliszewski, M. 1983 b. Study of Polish Tarsonemidae. VI. Description of Tarsonemus paralucifer n. sp. (Acari: Heterostigmae). Bull. Acad. pol. Sci., Cl. II, Ser. Sci. biol. 29: 393–400.Google Scholar
Kaliszewski, M. 1983 c. Study of Polish Tarsonemidae. VII. Description of Tarsonemus multiplex n. sp. (Acari: Heterostigmae). Bull. Acad.pol. Sci.. Cl. II, Ser. Sci. biol. 29: 401–407.Google Scholar
Kaliszewski, M. 1983 d. Tarsonemus onchus n. sp. and Tarsonemus occullus n. sp. (Acari, Heterostigmae) from Poland. Bull. Soc. Amis Sci. Lear. Poznan, Ser. D, Sci. biol. 23: 183–194.Google Scholar
Kaliszewski, M. 1984 a. Some aspects of the systematics and evolution of the Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmae). pp. 202–209 in Griffiths, D. A., and Bowman, C.E. (Eds.), Acarology VI (Proc. 6th int. Congr. Acarol., Edinburgh, Scotland, 1982), vol. 1. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, England.Google Scholar
Kaliszewski, M. 1984 b. Neotarsonemoides adae n. sp., n. gen. (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from Poland. Ent. Mitt. zool. Mus. Hamburg 8: 1–6.Google Scholar
Kaliszewski, M. 1984 c. Study of Polish Tarsonemidae. X. Description of Tarsonemus pumilis n. sp. (Acari: Heterostigmae). Acta Zool. Cracov. 27: 299–304.Google Scholar
Kaliszewski, M. 1986. Key to the females of the Palearctic species of the genus Tarsonemus Canestrini et Fanzago, 1876 (Acari: Tarsonemidae). Adam Mickiewicz Univ. Press, Poznan. In press.Google Scholar
Kaliszewski, M. Unpublished. Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmae) Polski. Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznán, 1981. 1072 pp. (In Polish)Google Scholar
Kaliszewski, M., and Magowski, W.. 1985. Acaronemini n. tribe and Praeacaronemus rackae n. sp., n. gen., proposed for mites from the family Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmae). Em. Mitt. zool. Mus. Hamburg 8: 131–144.Google Scholar
Kaliszewski, M., and Sell, D.. 1985. Tarsonemus elbrusisp. nov. (Acari: Heterostigmae), a new species of the genus Tarsonemus Canestrini et Fanzago from the Caucasus. Acarologia 26: 239–251.Google Scholar
Kaliszewski, M., Suski, Z.W., and Rejman, S.. 1983. Individual variation in wild and laboratory reared specimens of Tarsonemus nodosus Schaarschmidt, 1959 (Acari: Tarsonemidae). Folia ent. Hung. 44: 63–81.Google Scholar
Karafiat, H. 1959. Systematik und Ökologie der Scutacariden. Beitr. Syst. Ökol. mitteleur. Acarina I, Abschn. 4: 627–712.Google Scholar
Karl, E. 1963. Tarsonemuspotentillae nov. spec. (Acar., Tarsonemidae) an Potentilla anserina L. Zool. Anz. 171: 459–468.Google Scholar
Karl, E. 1965 a. Untersuchungen zur Morphologie und Ökologie von Tarsonemiden gartnerischer Kulturpflanzen. I. Tarsonemus pallidus Banks. Biol. Zbl. 84: 47–80.Google Scholar
Karl, E. 1965 b. Untersuchungen zur Morphologie und Ökologie von Tarsonemiden gartnerischer Kulturpflanzen. II. Hemitarsonemus latus (Banks), Tarsonemus confusus Ewing, T. talpae Schaarschmidt, T. setifer Ewing, T. smithi Ewing und Tarsonemoides belemnitoides Weis-Fogh. Biol. Zbl. 84: 331–357.Google Scholar
Karl, E. 1969. Untersuchungsergebnisse zur Klarung der Artfrage bei Tarsonemus pallidus Banks. Ber. 10. Wanderversammlung Deutscher Entomologen, 15–19 Sept. 1965, Tagungsber. Nr. 80: 567–574.Google Scholar
Kishida, K. 1923. On the systematic position of Nephrophages sanguinarius Miyakeet Scriba, with anote on the scientific name of a mite found in wheat grain. Dobuts. Zasshi 35: 203–208. (In Japanese)Google Scholar
Korsgaard, J., and Hallas, T.E.. 1979. Tarsonemid mites in Danish house dust. Allergy 34: 225–232.Google Scholar
Kramer, P. 1876 a. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Milben. Arch. Naturgesch. 42: 28–45.Google Scholar
Kramer, P. 1876 a. Ueber Dendroptus, ein neues Milbengeschlecht. Arch. Naturgesch. 42: 197–208.Google Scholar
Kramer, P. 1877. Grundzuge zur Systematik der Milben. Arch. Naturgesch. 43: 215–247.Google Scholar
Kramer, P. 1878. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Milben. Z. ges. Naturw., 5 F. 3(51): 519–561.Google Scholar
Kramer, P. 1886. Über Milben. Arch. Naturgesch. 52: 241–268.Google Scholar
Krantz, G. W. 1970. A manual of Acarology. Oregon St. Univ. Book Stores, Corvallis. 335 pp.Google Scholar
Krantz, G. W. 1978. A manual of Acarology, 2nd ed. Oregon St. Univ. Book Stores, Corvallis. 509 pp.Google Scholar
Krantz, G.W., and Lindquist, E.E.. 1979. Evolution of phytophagous mites (Acari). Annu. Rev. Ent. 24: 121 158.Google Scholar
Krczal, H. 1959. Systematik und Ökologie der Pyemotiden. Beitr. Svst. Ökol mitteleur. Acarina I, Abschn. 3: 385–625.Google Scholar
Kropczynska, D. 1965. Studies on mites (Acarina) living on plants in Poland. II. Acarologia 7: 227–234.Google Scholar
Kshirsagar, K.K. 1966. A review of work on acarine disease of honeybees. 1. History and distribution. Indian Bee J. 28: 79–84.Google Scholar
Kühn, J. 1883. Eine neue Milbengalle auf dem Straussgrase. Boi. Centralbl. Kassel 13: 212.Google Scholar
Kuris, A.M. 1974. Trophic interactions: similarity of parasitic castrators to parasitoids. Quart. Rev. Biol. 49: 129–148.Google Scholar
Landwehr, V.R. 1977. Ischyropalpus nitidulus (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), a predator of mites associated with Monterey pine. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 70: 81–83.Google Scholar
Lavoipierre, M.M.J. 1940. Hemitarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acarina), a mite of economic importance new to South Africa. J. ent. Soc. S. Afr. 3: 116–123.Google Scholar
Lee, T.L., and Chow, Y.S.. 1977. Direct evidences for the damage of rice plant by tarsonemid mite, Steneotarsonemus madecassus (Acarina: Tarsonemidae). Nat. Sci. Coun. Mon., Taiwan 5: 960–963 (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Lehman, R.D. 1982. Mites (Acari) of Pennsylvania conifers. Trans, am. ent. Soc. 108: 181–286.Google Scholar
Lepesme, P. 1947. Les insectes des Palmiers. P. André, Paris. 903 pp.Google Scholar
Liang, W.-J. 1980. Rearing method for rice-sheath-rot fungus free tarsonemid mite (Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley). Plant Prot. Bull., Taiwan 22: 23–29. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Lin, J.-Z., and Zhang, Y.-X.. 1982. A new species of Tarsonemus (Acarina: Tarsonemidae). Wuyi Sci. J., Fujian, China 2: 137–140.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E. 1961. Taxonomie and biological studies of mites of the genus Arctoseius Thor from Barrow, Alaska (Acarina: Aceosejidae). Hilgardia 30: 301–350.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E. 1964. Mites parasitizing eggs of bark beetles of the genus Ips. Can. Ent. 96: 125–126.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E. 1968. An unusual new species of Tarsonemus (Acarina: Tarsonemidae) associated with the Indian honey bee. Can. Ent. 100: 1002–1006.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E. 1969 a. Review of holarctic tarsonemid mites (Acarina: Prostigmata) parasitizing eggs of ipine bark beetles. Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 60. III pp.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E. 1969 b. Mites and the regulation of bark beetle populations, pp. 389–399in Proc. 2nd int. Congr. Acarol. (Sutton Bonington, England), 1967. Akad. Kiado, Budapest.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E. 1969 c. New species of Tarsonemus (Acarina: Tarsonemidae) associated with bark beetles. Can. Ent. 101: 1291–1314.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E. 1970. Review of the genus Heterotarsonemus (Acarina: Tarsonemidae). Can. Ent. 102: 812–829.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E. 1972. A new species of Tarsonemus from stored grain (Acarina: Tarsonemidae). Can. Ent. 104: 1699–1708.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E. 1973. Observations on the generic classification of tarsonemid mites (Prostigmata). pp. 293–295, 1 pl. in Proc. 3rd int. Congr. Acarol. (Prague), 1971. W. Junk, The Hague.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E. 1975. Associations between mites and other arthropods in forest floor habitats. Can. Ent. 107: 425–437.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E. 1976. Transfer of the Tarsocheylidae to the Heterostigmata, and reassignment of Tarsonemina and Heterostigmata to lower hierarchic status in the Prostigmata (Acari). Can. Ent. 108: 23–48.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E. 1977. Homology of dorsal opisthosomal plates, setae, and cupules of heterostigmatic mites with those of other eleutherengone Prostigmata (Acari). Acarologia 19: 97–104.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E. 1978. On the synonymy of Tarsonemus waitei Banks, T. setifer Ewing, and T. bakeri Ewing, with redescription of species (Acari: Tarsonemidae). Can. Ent. 110: 1023–1048.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E. 1983. Some thoughts on the potential for use of mites in biological control, including a modified concept of “parasitoids”. pp. 12–20 in Hoy, M.A., Cunningham, G.L., and Knutson, L. (Eds.), Biological Control of Pests by Mites. Univ. Calif., Division Agric. Nat. Resources, Special Publ. 3304. vi + 185 pp.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E. 1985 a. Discovery of sporothecae in adult female Trochometridium Cross with notes on analogous structures in Sileroptes Amerling (Acari: Heterostigmata). Exp. appl. Acarol. 1: 73–85.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E. 1985 b. Authorship of the family-group names Tarsonemidae and Podapolipidae, and priority of Scutacaridae over Pygmephoridae (Acari: Heterostigmata). Acarologia 26: 141–145.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E. 1985 c. Description of the adult female of the type-species of Metatarsonemus Attiah, with notes on the synonymy of this genus under Tarsonemus Can. & Fanz. (Acari: Tarsonemidae). Can. Ent. 117: 1279–1285.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E. A means of determining sex in larval Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata) based on external structure. Exp. appl. Acarol. In press a.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E. Observations on the larva and protonymph of tarsocheylid mites (Acari: Heterostigmata). Acarologia. In press, b.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E., and Bedard, W.D.. 1961. Biology and taxonomy of mites of the genus Tarsonemoides (Acarina: Tarsonemidae) parasitizing eggs of bark beetles of the genus Ips. Can. Em. 83: 982–999.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E., and Kethley, J.B.. 1975. The systematic position of the Heterocheylidae Tragardh (Acari: Acariformes: Prostigmata). Can. Ent. 107: 887–898.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E.E., and Smiley, R.L.. 1978. Acaronemus, a new genus proposed for tarsonemid mites (Acari: Prostigmata) predaceous on tetranychoid mite eggs. Can. Ent. 110: 655–662.Google Scholar
Livshits, I.Z., Mitrofanov, V.I., and Sharonov, A.A.. 1979. Raznokogotkovye kleschi fauny Kryma (Tarsonemidae: Acariformes). in Livshits, I.Z., (Ed.), Vrediteli i bolezni lesoparkovych i plodovych nasazhdenii Kryma. Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Nikitskogo Botanicheskogo Sada, Yalta 79: 7–50. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Livshits, I.Z., Mitrofanov, V.I., and Sharonov, A.A.. 1981. Novye vidy kleshchei roda Steneotarsonemus Beer, 1954 so zlakov i mcha (Acariformes, Tarsonemidae). Vestnik Zool. 1981(6): 79–82. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Livshits, I.Z., Mitrofanov, V.I., and Sharonov, A.A.. 1982 a. Novye vidy tarzonemidnych kleshchei (Tarsonemidae, Acariformes) iz Kryma. Zool. Zhurnal 61: 610–613. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Livshits, I.Z., Mitrofanov, V.I., and Sharonov, A.A.. 1982 b. Novye vidy tarzonemid (Acariformes). Zool. Zhurnal 61: 789–792. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Livshits, I.Z., Mitrofanov, V.I., and Sharonov, A.A.. 1982 c. Novye vidy kleschei roda Steneotarsonemus (Tarsonemidae, Acariformes). Biol. Nauki, Moscow 1982(10): 24–28. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Lo, K.-C., and Ho, C.-C.. 1977. Preliminary studies on rice tarsonemid mite, Steneotarsonemus spinki (Acarina: Tarsonemidae). Nat. Sci. Coun. Mon., Taiwan 5: 274–284. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Lo, K.-C., and Ho, C.-C.. 1979 a. Ecological observations on rice tarsonemid mite, Steneotarsonemus spinki (Acarina: Tarsonemidae). J. agric. Res. China 28: 181–192. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Lo, K.-C., and Ho, C.-C.. 1979 b. Studies on the cause of theempty head of rice in Taiwan. J. agric. Res. China 28: 193–198. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Lo, K.-C., Ho, C.-C., and Chen, S.-T.. 1979. Artificial propagation of Amblyseius taiwanicus and its tolerance to some pesticides. J. agric. Res. China 28: 251–259. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Lombardini, G. 1959. Acari nuovi. XXXVII. Boll. 1st. Ent. agr. Palermo 3: 163–167 + 1 pl.Google Scholar
Luxton, M. 1981. Studies on the prostigmatic mites of a Danish beech wood soil. Pedobiologia 22: 277–303.Google Scholar
Mackenzie, J. 1922. Endoparasitic Acari as a cause of urinary diseases, with notes on several cases. J. r. Army Med. Corps. London 39: 339–347.Google Scholar
Magowski, W. 1985. Steneotarsonemus paradoxus n. sp., a new species of the mite family Tarsonemidae (Acari: Prostigmata). Ent. Milt. zool. Mus. Hamburg 8: 89–95.Google Scholar
Mahunka, S. 1970 a. Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei. 227. Acari: Pygmephoroidea. Ann. hist.-nat. Mus. natl. Hung., zool. 62: 343–362.Google Scholar
Mahunka, S. 1970 b. Considerations on the systematics of the Tarsonemina and the description of new European taxa (Acari: Trombidiformes). Acta zool. Acad. Sci. Hung. 16: 137–174.Google Scholar
Mahunka, S. 1970 c. The scientific results of the Hungarian Soil Zoological Expeditions to South America. 21. Acari: Tarsonemine species from Brazil. Acta zool. Acad. Sci. Hung. 16: 371–408.Google Scholar
Mahunka, S. 1971. Tarsonemina (Acari) species from Korea. Zoological collectings of the Hungarian Natural History Museum in Korea (Nr. 3). Acta zool. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 271–294.Google Scholar
Mahunka, S. 1972 a. Tetuatkak - Tarsonemina. Magy. Allatvilaga Fauna Hung. 110, Kotet 18 (Arachnoidea), Fuzet 16. 215 pp. (In Hungarian)Google Scholar
Mahunka, S. 1972 b. The first survey of the tarsonemid (Acari) fauna of New Guinea. I. Acta zool. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18: 41–92.Google Scholar
Mahunka, S. 1973 a. Auf Insekten lebende Milben (Acari: Acarida, Tarsonemida) aus Afrika. I. Acta zool. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19: 75–123.Google Scholar
Mahunka, S. 1973 b. Auf Insekten lebende Milben (Acari: Acarida, Tarsonemida) aus Afrika. II. Acta zool. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19: 289–337.Google Scholar
Mahunka, S. 1974 a. Auf Insekten lebende Milben (Acari: Acarida, Tarsonemida) aus Afrika. III. Acta zool. Acad. Sci. Hung. 20: 137–154.Google Scholar
Mahunka, S. 1974 b. Daidalotarsonemus hewitti sp. n. (Acari: Tarsonemida) from human skin in England. Parasit. hung. 7: 191–196.Google Scholar
Mahunka, S. 1975. Über die Gattung Resinacarus Vitzthum, 1927 und Resinacarinae subfam. n. (Acari: Pyemotidae). Opuscula Zool, Nr. 133: 1–6.Google Scholar
Mahunka, S. 1979 a. A Neogaea talajatkafaunajanak areatorténete (Taxonomiai, szisztematikai és biogeografiai szintézis). Doctoral thesis (summary), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest. 13 pp. (In Hungarian)Google Scholar
Mahunka, S. 1979 b. Some remarks on polymorphism (phoretomorphism) in tarsonemid mites. Folia ent. Hung. 32: 133–137.Google Scholar
Mahunka, S. 1981. Tarsonemiden aus Athiopien (Acari: Tarsonemina). Folia ent. Hung. 34: 101–121.Google Scholar
Mahunka, S. 1982. Some new tarsonemids (Acari: Tarsonemina) from Madagascar. Folia ent. Hung. 43: 69–76.Google Scholar
Mahunka, S., and Rack, G.. 1975. Bibliographica Tarsonemidologica 1. (1971–74). Folia ent. Hung. 28: 117–126.Google Scholar
Mahunka, S., and Rack, G.. 1976. Bibliographica Tarsonemidologica II. (1975). Folia enl. Hung. 29: 43–48.Google Scholar
Mahunka, S., and Rack, G.. 1979 a. Bibliographia Tarsonemidologica Literatur bis 1970. Folia ent. Hung. 32: 21–51.Google Scholar
Mahunka, S., and Rack, G.. 1979 b. Bibliographia Tarsonemidologica V. (1978). Folia ent. Hung. 32: 153–159.Google Scholar
Mahunka, S., and Rack, G.. 1982. Bibliographia Tarsonemidologica VII. (1980–81). Folia ent. Hung. 43: 77–86.Google Scholar
Mahunka, S., and Rack, G.. 1984. Bibliographia Tarsonemidologica VIII. (1982–1983). Folia ent. Hung. 45: 49–57.Google Scholar
Marchal, P. 1902. Les Tarsonemus des graminées. Description d'une espèce nouvelle vivant sur l'avoine (Arachn.). Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 4: 98–104.Google Scholar
Martin, N.A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: an annotated species list. N.Z. Dept. Sci. Indus. Res., Ent. Div. Rep. 3. iii + 98 pp.Google Scholar
Massalongo, C. 1897. Intorno all' Acaro cecidio delia “Stipa pennata L.” casuto dal “Tarsonemus canestrinii”. Nuovo Giorn. bot. Ital, N.S. (Firenze) 4: 103–110.Google Scholar
Massee, A.M. 1930. The tarsonemid mite of strawberry. J. Pomol. hort. Sci. 8: 305–308, 1 pl.Google Scholar
Massee, A.M. 1933. Further observations on the strawberry tarsonemid mite (Tarsonemus fragariae Zimm.). Annu. Rep. East Mailing Res. Sta. 1932 20: 117–131, 3 pl.Google Scholar
Matthes, D. 1967. Die Terminologie interspezifischer (heterotypischer) Beziehungen. Zool. Anz. 179: 313–319.Google Scholar
McDaniel, B. 1979. How to know the mites and ticks. Pictured Key Nature Series. Wm. C. Brown Co., Dubuque, viii + 335 pp.Google Scholar
McGregor, E.A. 1942. Recently discovered mite on citrus. Calif. Citrograph 27: 270.Google Scholar
McGregor, E.A. 1944. A new potential enemy of the bud mite. Calif. Citrograph 30: 53.Google Scholar
McGregor, E.A. 1956. The mites of citrus trees in southern California. Mem. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3. 42 pp.Google Scholar
McMurtry, J. A., Badii, M. H., and Johnson, H.G.. 1984. The broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, as a potential prey for phytoseiid mites in California. Entomophaga 29: 83–86.Google Scholar
McMurtry, J. A., Huffaker, C.B., and van de Vrie, M.. 1970. Ecology of tetranychid mites and their natural enemies: a review. 1. Tetranychid enemies: their biological characters and the impact of spray practices. Hilgardia 40: 331–390.Google Scholar
McMurtry, J. A., Oatman, E.R., Phillips, P.A., and Wood, C.W.. 1978. Establishment of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in southern California. Entomophaga 23: 175–179.Google Scholar
Meyer, M.K., Smith, P., and Loots, G.C., 1978. Acari. pp. 703–718in Werger, M.J.A., (Ed.), Biogeography and Ecology of Southern Africa. W. Junk, The Hague.Google Scholar
Meyer, M.K., Smith, P., Loots, G.C., Van Pletzen, R., Engelbrecht, C.M., and Walker, J.B.. 1973. Acari of the Ethiopian Region. Em. Mem., Dept. agric. tech. Serv., Repub. S. Afr., Nr. 29. 45 pp.Google Scholar
Michael, A.D. 1884. The Hypopus question, or the life-history of certain Acarina. J. Linn. Soc. London, Zool. 17: 371–394.Google Scholar
Michael, A.D. 1890. Mites on sugar-cane. Bull. Misc. Inform., R. Bot. Gardens, Kew 40: 85–86.Google Scholar
Millidge, A.F. 1977. The genera Mecopisthes Simon and Hypsocephalus n. gen. and their phylogenetic relationships (Aranae: Linyphiidae). Bull. Br. arachnol. Soc. 4: 113–123.Google Scholar
Mitchell, R. 1970. An analysis of dispersal in mites. Am. Naturalist 104: 425–431.Google Scholar
Mitrofanov, V.I., and Trepashko, L.I.. 1976. Kleshchi, vyzyvayushchie belokolosost' zlakov v Belorussii. Zool. Zhurnal 55: 771–773.(In Russian)Google Scholar
Miyake, H., and Scriba, J.. 1894. Nephrophages sanguinarius, ein neuer menschlicher Parasit im Urogenitalapparat. Mt. med. Facult. Tokio 3: 1–10.Google Scholar
Mohanasundaram, M. 1985. Some tarsonemid mites from Tamil Nadu, India (Acari: Tarsonemidae). Oriental Insects 18: 79–85.Google Scholar
Morgan, C.V.G., and Hedlin, A.F.. 1960. Notes on the juniper berry mite, Trisetacus quadrisetus (Thomas) (Acarina: Eriophyidae), in British Columbia. Can. Ent. 92: 608–610.Google Scholar
Morgenthaler, O. 1926. De l'acariose. L'Abeille 8: 77–78.Google Scholar
Morgenthaler, O. 1927. Bienenrasse und Bienenkrankheiten. Schweiz. BienenZtg. 50: 559–569.Google Scholar
Morgenthaler, O. 1934. Krankheitserregende und harmlose Arten der Bienenmilbe Acarapis, zugleich ein Beitrage zum Species- Problem. Rev. Suisse Zool. 41: 429–446.Google Scholar
Morison, G.D. 1931. An Acarapis living externally on the Honey-bee. Bee World 12: 110–111.Google Scholar
Morison, G.D. 1932. A mite (Acarapis) that dwells on the back of the Honey-bee. Bee Kingdom 3: 6–11.Google Scholar
Moser, J.C., and Cross, E.A.. 1975. Phoretomorph: a new phoretic phase unique to the Pyemotidae (Acarina: Tarsonemoidea). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 68: 820–822.Google Scholar
Muma, M.H. 1961. Mites associated with citrus in Florida. Univ. Fla Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 640. 39 pp., 8 pl.Google Scholar
Muma, M.H. 1975. Mites associated with citrus in Florida. Univ. Fla Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 640A. iv + 92 pp.Google Scholar
Munroe, D.D. 1974. The systematics, phylogeny, and zoogeography of Symmerus Walker and Australosymmerus Freeman (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Ditomyiinae). Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 92. 183 pp.Google Scholar
Nascimento, C.B., de Mello, R.P., dos Santos, M.W., do Nascimento, R.V., and de Souza, J.D.. 1971. Ocorrencia de acariose em Apis mellifera no Brazil. Pesq. Agropec. Bras., Sec. Veter. 6: 57–60.Google Scholar
Nelson, G.J. 1974. Classification as an expression of phylogenetic relationships. Syst. Zool. 22: 344–359.Google Scholar
Nemestóthy, K.K. 1984. Tarsonemiden Milben dergartnerischen Kulturpflanzen Ungarns. Foliaent. Hung. 45: 45–47.Google Scholar
Nemestóthy, K.K., and Mahunka, S.. 1981. Tarsoneminen (Acari) aus dem Naturschutzgebiet Wacholders “Borokas” bei Bares, Ungarn. Dunantuli Dolgoz. Term. Tud. Sor. 2: 157–166.Google Scholar
Newell, I.M. 1973. Solenidial transposition in Pimeliaphilus (Acari, Pterygosomatidae) and its potential systematic significance, pp. 299–302in Proc. 3rd int. Congr. Acarol. (Prague), 1971. W. Junk, The Hague.Google Scholar
Nietner, M.J. 1863. Observations sur les ennemis du caféier, à Ceylan. Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) 15: 122-133, 240–244.Google Scholar
Nixon, M. 1982. Preliminary world maps of honeybee diseases and parasites. Bee World 63: 23–42.Google Scholar
Norton, R.A. 1977. An example of phoretomorphsin the mite family Scutacaridae. J. Georgia ent. Soc. 12: 185–186.Google Scholar
Norton, R.A., and Ide, G.S.. 1974. Scutacarus baculitarsus agaricus n. subsp. (Acarina: Scutacaridae) from commercial mushroom houses, with notes on phoretic behaviour. J. Kans. ent. Soc. 47: 527–534.Google Scholar
Nucifora, A. 1963. Osservazioni sulla riproduzione di Hemitarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acarina Tarsonemidae). Atti Accad. nazl. Ital. Ent. 10: 142–153.Google Scholar
Nucifora, A. 1964. Precisazioni sulla morfologia estera dei Tarsonemidi. Boll. Zool. agric. Bachic, Ser. 2 6: 1–35.Google Scholar
Nucifora, A. 1971. Contributo alla conoscenza dei Tarsonemidi (Acarina Tarsonemidae): stadi postembrionali e loro morfologia comparata esterna. pp. 44–69 in Atti 8th Congr. nazl. Ital. Ent. (Firenze), 1969.Google Scholar
Örosi-Pal, Z. 1934. Experiments on the feeding habits of the Acarapis mites. Bee World 15: 93–94.Google Scholar
Oudemans, A.C. 1903. Notes on Acari. Sixth Series. Tijdschr. Ent. 46: 1–24.Google Scholar
Oudemans, A.C. 1927. Over de door hem onderzochte Acari. Tijdschr. Ent. 70, Verslagen: xxxiii–xxxvii.Google Scholar
Oudemans, A.C. 1928. Acarologische Aanteekeningen XCII. Ent. Ber. 7: 341–345.Google Scholar
Oudemans, A.C. 1929. Acarologische Aanteekeningen CXI. Ent. Ber. 7: 421–429.Google Scholar
Oudemans, A.C. 1931. Acarologische Aanteekeningen CXI. Ent. Ber. 8: 312–331. (pp. 322–328 subtitled “Revisie der Tarsonemini Can. & Fanz. 1877”)Google Scholar
Oudemans, A.C. 1937. Kritisch Historisch Overzicht der Acarologie. E.J. Brill, Leiden. 3, Bd. C: pp. I–XXIII, 799–1348.Google Scholar
Potter, D.A. 1978. Functional sex ratio in the carmine spider mite. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 7: 218–222.Google Scholar
Pritchard, A.E. 1951. The fern mite, a newly recognized pest on California ferns readily controlled by treatment with proper chemicals. Calif. Agric. 5 (No. 7): 10.Google Scholar
Rack, G. 1959. Acarophenax dermestidarum sp. n. (Acarina, Pyemotidae), ein Eiparasit von Dermestes-Arten. Z. Parasitenkde. 19: 411–431.Google Scholar
Rack, G. 1967. Untersuchungen uber die Biologie von Dolichocybe Krantz, 1957 und Beschreibung von zwei neuen Arten (Acarina, Pyemotidae). Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst. 64: 29–42.Google Scholar
Rack, G. 1972 a. Tarsonemina aus dem Saalkreis bei Halle (Acarina, Trombidiformes). Ent. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Hamburg 4: 277–286.Google Scholar
Rack, G. 1972 b. Pyemotiden an Gramineen in schwedischen landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben. Ein Beitrag zur Entwicklung von Siteroptes graminum (Reuter, 1900) (Acarina, Pyemotidae). Zool. Anz. 188: 157–174.Google Scholar
Rack, G. 1975. Phoretisch auf Kleinsaugern gefundene Arten der Gattung Pygmephorus (Acarina, Pygmephoridae). Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst. 72: 157–176.Google Scholar
Rack, G. 1980. Eine neue Milbe (Acarina, Pygmephoridae) von Priocnemis apogonus (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) aus Chile. Folia ent. Hung. 41: 392–332.Google Scholar
Regenfuss, H. 1968. Untersuchungen zur Morphologie, Systematik und Ökologie der Podapolipidae (Acarina, Tarsonemini). Z. wiss. Zool. 177: 183–282.Google Scholar
Regenfuss, H. 1972. Über die Einnischung synhospitaler Parasitenarten auf dem Wirtskorper. Untersuchungen an ektoparasitischen Milben (Podapolipidae) auf Laufkafern (Carabidae). Z. zool. Systematik u. Evolulionsforschung 10: 44–65.Google Scholar
Regenfuss, H. 1973. Beinreduktion und Verlagerung des Kopulationsapparates in der Milbenfamilie Podapolipidae. ein Beispiel fur verhaltensgesteuerte Evolution morphologischer Strukturen. Z. zool. Systematik u. Evolulionsforschung 11: 173–195.Google Scholar
Regenfuss, H. 1974. Neue ektoparasitische Arten der Familie Podapolipidae (Acari: Tarsonemina) von Carabiden. Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst. 71: 147–163.Google Scholar
Regenfuss, H. 1975. Die Bedeutung der Hautung des Wirts fur Ektoparasiten und Symphorionten an Arthropoden. Zool. Beitr., N.F. 21: 201–217.Google Scholar
Rennie, J. 1921. Notes on acarine disease. — VI. Bee World, Oct. 1921 13: 115–117.Google Scholar
Regenfuss, H. 1923. Acarine disease explained. Mem. Coll. Agric. N. Scot. 6.Google Scholar
Reuter, E. 1900. Über die Weissahrigkeit der Wiesengraser in Finland. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis ihrer Ursachen. Acta Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 19 (no. 1): 1–136.Google Scholar
Reuter, E. 1906. Zwei neue Tarsonemus-Arten. Meddel. Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 31: 136–142.Google Scholar
Reuter, E. 1909. Zur Morphologie und Ontogenie der Acariden mit besonderer Berucksichtigung von Pediculopsis graminum (E. Reut.). Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 36: 1–288.Google Scholar
Reuter, E. 1910. Acari und Geschwulstatiologie. Zbl. Baku, Jena, Abt. 1 56: 339–344.Google Scholar
Rivard, I., Paradis, R.O., and Mailloux, M.. 1980. Les ravageurs des cultures fruitières du Québec en 1979. Ann. Soc. ent. Québec 25: 77–80.Google Scholar
Roubik, D.W., and Reyes, F.. 1984. African honey bees have not brought acarine mite infestations to Panama. Am. Bee J. 124: 665–667.Google Scholar
Rubsamen, E.H. 1907. Beitrage zur Kenntnis aussereuropaischer Zoocecidien. III. Beitrag: Gallen aus Brasilien und Peru. Marcellia 6: 110–173.Google Scholar
Rutherford, A. 1913. Mites. Trap. Agric. Peradeniya (Ceylon) 41: 490–494.Google Scholar
Ryke, P.A.J., and Meyer, M.K.P.. 1960. Phytophagous mites of the family Tarsonemidae (Acarina: Trombidiformes) occurring in South Africa. I. The genus Hemitarsonemus. S. Afr. J. Sci. 56: 143–146.Google Scholar
Sachs, H. 1951. Zur Morphologie von Acarapis. I. Bau und Funktion der Mundwerkzeuge der Tracheenmilbe Acarapis woodi Rennie, 1921. Z. Bienenforsch. 1: 103–112.Google Scholar
Sachs, H. 1952. Zur Morphologie von Acarapis. II. Bau des Kopulationsapparates der Tracheenmilbe Acarapis woodi Rennie, 1921. Z. Bienenforsch. 1: 174–178.Google Scholar
Saether, O.A. 1979. Underlying synapomorphies and anagenetic analysis. Zool. Scipta 8: 305–312.Google Scholar
Samsinak, K., Palicka, P., Zitek, K., Malis, L., and Vobrazkova, E.. 1976. Are the mites of the genus Tarsonemus really parasites of man? Folia parasit. 23: 91–93.Google Scholar
Santos, P.F., and Whitford, W.G.. 1981. The effects of microarthropods on litter decomposition in a Chihuahuan desert ecosystem. Ecology 62: 654–663.Google Scholar
Sasa, M. 1965. Mites. An introduction to classification, bionomics and control of Acarina. Univ. Tokyo Press. 494 pp. (In Japanese)Google Scholar
Savulkina, M.M. 1981. Sistema, ekologiya i rasprostranenie kleshchei sem. Pygmephoridae Cross, 1965 (Trombidiformes). Ent. Obozr. 60: 434–450. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Schaarschmidt, L. 1959. Systematik und Ökologie der Tarsonemiden. Beitr. Syst. Okol. mitteleur. Acarina 1. Abschn. 5: 713–823.Google Scholar
Schaarschmidt, L. 1960. Eine neue Art der Gattung Steneotarsonemus (Acar., Tarson.). Medd. Stat. Vaxtskyddsanst. 11(80): 479–481.Google Scholar
Schaarschmidt, L. 1963. Tarsonemiden-Studien I. Zool. Am. 170: 265–269.Google Scholar
Schaarschmidt, L. 1967. Eine neue Art der Gattung Tarsonemus auf Erdbeerpflanzen (Acari, Trombidiformes). Ann. hist.-nat. Mus. nam. hung., Zool 59: 389–391.Google Scholar
Schlechtendal, D.R.H. von. 1898. Zwei neue Tarsonemus-Arten. Z. Naturw. 70: 428–429.Google Scholar
Schneider, H. 1941. Untersuchung uber die Acarapis-Milben der Honigbiene. Die Flugel- und Hinterleibsmilbe. Mitt, schweiz. ent. Ges. 18: 318–327.Google Scholar
Schruft, G. 1968. Neue Erkenntnisse uber Tarsonemus muhlei Wetzel 1964 nebst Neubeschreibung des Männchens dieser Weichhautmilbe (Tarsonemidae). Z. angew. Ent. 61: 38–44.Google Scholar
Sevastyanov, V.D. 1977. Printsipy postroyeniya yestestvennoi sistemy kleshchei gruppy semeisty Tarsonemina (Trombidiformes). pp. 56–69 in Balashov, Yu. S. (Ed.), Morfologiya i diagnostika kleshchei. (Sbornik nauchnykh rabot). Zool. Inst., Akad. Nauk SSSR, Leningrad. 86 pp. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Sevastyanov, V.D. 1978. Kogorta Tarsonemina Canestrini et Fanzago, 1877. pp. 14–90 in Gilyarov, M.S. (Ed.), Opredelitel' obitayushchikh v pochve kleshchei. Trombidiformes. Izdatel'stvo “Nauka”, Moscow. 272 pp. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Sharonov, A.A. 1982. Novye vidy kleshchei roda Tarsonemus (Acariformes, Tarsonemidae). Biol. Nauki, Moscow 1982(11): 35–39. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Sharonov, A.A. 1983. Novye vidy rastenieobitayushchikh kleshchei (Acariformes, Tarsonemidae) Kryma i Kavkaza. Vestn. Zool. 1983(3): 72–74. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Sharonov, A.A. 1984. Tri novykh vida Acaronemus (Acariformes, Tarsonemidae) iz Kryma. Vestn. Zool. 1984(3): 40–44. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Sharonov, A.A., and Livshits, I.Z., and Mitrofanov, V.I.. 1982. Palearkticheskie vidy kleschei-fitofagov roda Steneotarsonemus Beer, 1954 (Acariformes; Tarsonemidae). pp. 28–33 in Livshits, I.Z. (Ed.), Vrediteli i bolezni plodovych i dekorativnych kul'tur Kryma. Nikitskii Botanicheskii Sad, Yalta. 122 pp. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Sharonov, A.A., and Mitrofanov, V.I.. 1983. K revizii kleshchei Tarsonemus gruppy pauperoseatus (Acariformes, Tarsonemidae). Zool. Zhurnal 62: 299–302. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Sharonov, A.A., and Mitrofanov, V.I.. 1984. Tarsonemus discretus Sharonov et Mitrofanov nom. n. Vestn. Zool. 1984(4): 31. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Sicher, E., and Leonardi, G.. 1894. Nuovi Tarsonemidi (Nota preventiva). Bull. Soc. Ven.-Trent. Sci. nat. 5: 183–189.Google Scholar
Silfverberg, H. 1980. Comment on intermediate categories in the species group. Z.N.(S.) 2250. Bull. zool. Nom. 37: 67–68.Google Scholar
Simmonds, S.P. 1970. The possible control of Steneotarsonemus pallidus on strawberries by Phytoseiulus persimilis. Plant Pathol. 19: 106–107.Google Scholar
Sinha, R.N. 1964. Ecological relationships of stored-products mites and seed-borne fungi. Acarologia 6 (fase. hors sér.): 372–389.Google Scholar
Sinha, R.N., and Wallace, H.A.H.. 1966. Association of granary mites and seed-borne fungi in stored grain and in outdoor and indoor habitats. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 59: 1170–1181.Google Scholar
Sinha, R.N., and Wallace, H.A.H.. 1973. Population dynamics of stored-product mites. Oecologia 12: 315–327.Google Scholar
Sinha, R.N., Wallace, H.A.H., and Chebib, F.S.. 1969. Principal-component analysis of interrelations among fungi, mites and insects in grain bulk ecosystems. Ecology 50: 536–547.Google Scholar
Smiley, R.L. 1964. Some Tarsonemidae from the Republic of The Congo (Acarina). Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 66: 145–150.Google Scholar
Smiley, R.L. 1967. Further studies on the Tarsonemidae (Acarina). Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 69: 127–146.Google Scholar
Smiley, R.L. 1969. Further studies on the Tarsonemidae, II. Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 71: 218–229.Google Scholar
Smiley, R.L. 1972. A review of the genus Daidalotarsonemus DeLeon (Acarina: Tarsonemidae). Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 74: 89–94.Google Scholar
Smiley, R.L., and Emmanouel, N.. 1980. A new species of Steneotarsonemus from Gramineae (Acari: Tarsonemidae). Int. J. Acarol. 6: 275–282.Google Scholar
Smiley, R.L., and Landwehr, V.R.. 1976. A new species of Tarsonemus (Acarina: Tarsonemidae), predaceous on tetranychoid mite eggs. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 69: 1065–1072.Google Scholar
Smiley, R.L., and Moser, J.C.. 1974. New tarsonemids associated with bark beetles (Acarina: Tarsonemidae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 67: 639–665.Google Scholar
Smiley, R.L., and Moser, J.C.. 1976. Two new phoretomorphic Siteroptes from galleries of the southern pine beetle. Beitr. Ent. 26: 307–322.Google Scholar
Smiley, R.L., and Moser, J.C.. 1985. A new species, key to females, and distribution records for Heterotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae). Int. J. Acarol. 11: 247–253.Google Scholar
Smith, I.M. 1976. A study of the systematics of the water mite family Pionidae (Prostigmata: Parasitengona). Mem. enl. Soc. Can. 98. 249 pp.Google Scholar
Smith, L.M., and Goldsmith, E.V.. 1936. The cyclamen mite, Tarsonemus pallidus, and its control on field strawberries. Hilgardia 10: 53–94.Google Scholar
Smith, M.V. 1962. Importing acarine-free bees by transporting brood. Bee World 43: 42–44.Google Scholar
Stenseth, C., and Nordby, A.. 1976. Damage, and control of the strawberry mite Steneotarsonemus pallidus (Acarina: Tarsonemidae), on strawberries. J. hort. Sci. 51: 49–54.Google Scholar
Stevens, P.F. 1980. Evolutionary polarity of character states. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 11: 333–358.Google Scholar
Steyskal, G.C. 1971. Notes on the grammar of acarine nomenclature. Acarologia 12: 639–642.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1965 a. Tarsonemoides pomi n.sp., a new tarsonemid mite from apple trees in Poland (Acarina, Tarsonemidae). Bull. Acad. pol. Sci., Cl. V, Ser. Sci. biol. 13: 469–474.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1965 b. Tarsonemid mites on apple trees in Poland. II. Tarsonemus bilobatus n.sp. (Acarina, Tarsonemidae). Bull. Acad. pol. Sci., Cl V, Ser. Sci. biol. 13: 539–544.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1965 c. Tarsonemid mites on apple trees in Poland. III. Tarsonemus lobosus n.sp. (Acarina, Tarsonemidae). Bull. Acad. pol. Sci., Cl. V, Ser. Sci. biol. 13: 587–593.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1966 a. Tarsonemid mites on apple trees in Poland. IV. Tarsonemus schlechtendali n.sp. (Acarina, Tarsonemidae). Bull. Acad. pol. Sci.. Cl. V, Ser. Sci. biol. 14: 127–133.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1966 b. Tarsonemid mites on apple trees in Poland. V. Tarsonemus hermes n.sp. (Acarina, Tarsonemidae). Bull. Acad. pol. Sci., Cl. V, Ser. Sci. biol. 14: 327–333.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1966 c. Nomenclature of leg setation in the mite family Tarsonemidae (Acarina), (Heterostigmata). Bull. Acad. pol. Sci., Cl. V, Ser. Sci. biol. 14. 635–638.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1966 d. Tarsonemid mites on apple trees in Poland. VI. Tarsonemus stammeri Schaarschmidt 1959 (Acarina, Heterostigmata). Bull. Acad. pol. Sci, Cl. V, Ser. Sci. biol. 14: 711–717.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1967 a. Tarsonemid mites on apple trees in Poland. VII. Tarsonemus naegelei n.sp. (Acarina, Heterostigmata). Bull. Acad. pol. Sci., Cl. V, Ser. Sci. biol. 15: 41–46.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1967 b. Tarsonemid mites on apple trees in Poland. VIII. Daidalotarsonemus vandevriei n.sp. (Acarina, Tarsonemidae). Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci., Cl. V. Ser. Sci. biol. 15: 227–233.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1967 c. Tarsonemid mites on apple trees in Poland. IX. Tarsonemus pauperoseatus n.sp. (Acarina, Heterostigmata). Bull. Acad. pol. Sci., Cl. V, Ser. Sci. biol. 15: 267–272.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1967 d. Badania nad roztoczami z rodziny Tarsonemidae (Acarina, Heterostigmata) wystepujacymi na jabloniach w Polsce. Instytut Sadownictwa. Skierniewice. 268 pp. (In Polish)Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1968 a. Setation of legs I, II, and III in some species of the mite family Tarsonemidae (Acarina, Heterostigmata). Roczn. nauk Roln. 93-A-4: 757–787.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1968 b. Polish mites of the family Tarsonemidae (Acarina, Heterostigmata). Tarsonemus idaeus n.sp. Bull. Acad. pol. Sci., Cl. V, Ser. Sci. biol. 16: 637–642.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1969. Polish mites of the family Tarsonemidae (Acarina, Heterostigmata). II. Tarsonemus virgineus sp. n. Bull. Acad. pol. Sci., Cl. V. Ser. Sci. biol. 17: 307–311.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1970 a. Polish mites of the family Tarsonemidae (Acarina, Heterostigmata). III. A description of male Tarsonemus crassus (Schaarschmidt). Bull. Acad. pol. Sci., Cl. V, Ser. Sci. biol. 18: 219–223.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1970 b. Polish mites of the family Tarsonemidae (Acarina, Heterostigmata). IV. Steneotarsonemus gibber n.sp. Bull. Acad. pol. Sci., Cl. V, Ser. Sci. biol. 18: 277–282.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1971. Certain mites of the family Tarsonemidae (Acarina, Heterstigmata) from Madagascar. Bull. Acad. pol. Sci., Cl. V, Ser. Sci. biol. 19: 55–60.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1972 a. Tarsonemid mites on apple trees in Poland. X. Laboratory studies on the biology of certain mite species of the family Tarsonemidae (Acarina, Heterostigmata). Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln. 129: 111–137.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1972 b. Tarsonemid mites on apple trees in Poland. XI. Field observations on the distribution and significance of Tarsonemidae (Acarina, Heterostigmata) in apple orchards. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln. 129: 139–157.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W. 1973. A revision of Siteroptes cerealium (Kirchner) complex (Acarina, Heterostigmata, Pyemotidae). Ann. Zoologici 30: 509–535.Google Scholar
Suski, Z.W., and Schaarschmidt, L.. 1971. A note on the identity of certain tarsonemid species (Acarina, Heterostigmata). Bull. Acad. pol. Sci., Cl. V, Ser. Sci. biol. 19: 119–120.Google Scholar
Taksdal, G. 1973. Interactions between pest and host plant in an attack by the broad mite, Hemitarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acarina, Tarsonemidae), on passion fruit, Passiflora edulis Sims. Norsk, ent. Tidsskr. 20: 301–304.Google Scholar
Targioni-Tozzetti, A. 1878. Tarsonemus oryzae. Rei. Staz. Ent. agraria, Firenze: 365.Google Scholar
Thomas, C.A. 1942. Mushroom insects: their biology and control. Penn. St. Coll. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 419. 43 pp.Google Scholar
Trägårdh, I. 1905. Acariden aus Ägypten und dem Sudan. pp. 1–124, 6 pl. in Jagerskiold, L.A. (Ed.), Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt and the White Nile 1901, Part 2, No. 17.Google Scholar
Trouessart, E.L. 1885. Description d'un nouveau genre et d'une nouvelle espèce de la sous-famille des Cheylétiens. Bull. Soc. Étude sci. Angers 14: 90–91.Google Scholar
Tseng, Y.-H., and Lo, P.K-C.. 1980. Tarsonemid mites (Acarina: Prostigmata) from Taiwan. Plant. Prol. Bull, Taiwan 22: 113–140.Google Scholar
Tryon, H. 1898. Fruitlet core-rot of pineapple. Queensland agric. J. 3: 458–467.Google Scholar
Urueta Sandino, E.J., and Alzate, R. Navarro. 1978. El acaro Steneotarsonemus pallidus nueva plaga de la fresa en Colombia y estudio sobre su control quimico y diseminacion a otros cultivos. Rev. Colomb. Ent. 4: 70–75.Google Scholar
Vainshtein, B.A. 1979. Novye i maloizvestnye kleshchi sem. Tarsonemidae (Acariformes) so zlakov. Ent. Obozr. 58: 663–670. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Vainshtein, B.A., and Beglyarov, G.A.. 1968. Novyi vid kleshcha iz semeistva Tarsonemidae (Acariformes) -vreditel' pshenitsy. Zool. Zhurnal 47: 1098–1100. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Vitzthum, H. 1914. Beschreibung einiger neuer Milben. Zool. Anz. 44: 326–328.Google Scholar
Vitzthum, H. 1921. Acarologische Beobachtungen. 5. Reihe. Arch. Naturgesch. 87, Abt. A(4): 1–77.Google Scholar
Vitzthum, H. 1922. Acarologische Beobachtungen. Zool. Jb. Syst. 44: 517–564.Google Scholar
Vitzthum, H. 1923. Acarologische Beobachtungen. 7. Reihe. Kommensalen der Ipiden. Arch. Naturgesch. 89, Abt. A(2): 97–181.Google Scholar
Vitzthum, H. 1926. Acari als Commensalen von Ipiden. (Der Acarologischen Beobachtungen 11. Reihe). Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst., Geogr., Biol. Tiere 52: 407–503.Google Scholar
Vitzthum, H. 1928. Acarologische Beobachtungen. 13. Reihe. Zool. Anz. 75: 281–295.Google Scholar
Vitzthum, H. 1929 a. Tarsonemus hydrocephalus n. sp. Ent. Tidskr. 50: 97–102.Google Scholar
Vitzthum, H. 1929 b. 5. Ordnung: Milben, Acari. In Brohmer, P. et al. , (Eds.), Tierwelt Mitteleur. 3, Lief. 3, Abt. 7. 112 pp.Google Scholar
Vitzthum, H. 1931.9. Ordnung der Arachnida: Acari = Milben. In Kukenthal, , Handb. Zool. 3, H. 2, Teil 3, Lief. I. 160 pp.Google Scholar
Vitzthum, H. 1940–1943. Acarina. In Bronn's Kl. Ordn. Tierreichs 5, Abt. 4, Buch 5. 1011 pp. in 7 Lief.Google Scholar
Warburton, C. 1904. Mites of the genus Tarsonemus with a description of two new species. J. r. agric. Soc. England 65: 273–287.Google Scholar
Wei, L.Y., and Chow, Y.S.. 1980. Preliminary studies on parasite of the tarsonemid mite, Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley. Plant Prot. Bull, Taiwan 22: 11–15. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Weis-Fogh, T. 1947. Ecological investigations on mites and collemboles in the soil. Natura Jutlandica 1: 135–270.Google Scholar
Wetzel, T. 1964. Tarsonemus muhlei nov. spec. - eine neue Weichhautmilbenart der Gramineen (Acari, Tarsonemidae). Z. angew. Ent. 53: 462–464.Google Scholar
White, N.D., and Sinha, R.N.. 1979. Natural regulation of Tarsonemus granarius numbers in stored wheat ecosystems — a multivariate assessment. pp. 291–298in Rodriguez, J.G. (Ed.), Recent Advances in Acarology (Proc. 5th int. Congr. Acarol., Aug. 6–12, 1978, East Lansing, Michigan), vol. 1.Google Scholar
White, N.D., and Sinha, R.N.. 1981. Life history and population dynamics of the mycophagous mite Tarsonemus granarius Lindquist (Acarina: Tarsonemidae). Acarologia 22: 353–360.Google Scholar
Wiley, E.O. 1979. An annotated Linnean hierarchy, with comments on natural taxa and competing systems. Syst. Zool. 28: 308–337.Google Scholar
Wiley, E.O. 1981. Phylogenetics: the theory and practice of phylogenetic systematics. John Wiley & Sons, New York, xv + 439 pp.Google Scholar
Willmann, C. 1942. Acari aus nordwestdeutschen Mooren. Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen 32: 163–183.Google Scholar
Willmann, C. 1949 a. Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Salzgebietes von Ciechocinek. 1. Milben aus den Salzwiesen und Salzmooren von Ciechocinek an der Weichsel. Veroff. Mus. Nat. Bremen, A 1: 106–135.Google Scholar
Willmann, C. 1949 b. Uber eine Milbenausbeute aus dem Naturschutzgebiet “Verlorenes Wasser” bei Panten (Kr. Liegnitz). Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen 32: 339–348.Google Scholar
Wislon, W.T., and Nunamaker, R. A.. 1982. The infestation of honev bees in Mexico with Acarapis woodi. Am. Bee J. 122: 503–505, 508.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, H. 1905. Eine neue Tarsonemusart auf Gartenerdbeeren. Z. Mahr. Landesmus. 5: 91–102.Google Scholar