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³ Where the head of the household is over the statutory retirement age of sixty-five for men and sixty for women.

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⁵ see for example Anderson, Ferguson 1, ‘Ageing Population “May Cause Social Disaster”’, The Times, 26 11 1976Google Scholar, quoted in Bosanquet, N., A Future for Old Age, Temple Smith, London, 1978, p. 7.Google Scholar

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¹⁶ Ibid. p. 99.

¹⁷ Ibid. p. 127.

¹⁸ Rathbone, E., The Disinherited Family, Allen and Unwin, London, 1924.Google Scholar

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²² Ibid. p. 30.

²³ Ibid.

²⁴ Ibid. p. 134.

²⁵ Central Statistical Office, Social Trends, no. 5, HMSO, London, 1974, p. 170.Google ScholarPubMed ‘Low incomes’ are those under £1,050 per annum.

²⁶ Butcher and Crosbie, op. cit. p. 32.

²⁷ Ibid. p. 33.

²⁸ Hunt, op. cit. p. 138.

²⁹ Wicks, M., Old and Cold, Heinemann, London, 1978.Google Scholar

³⁰ Hunt, op. cit. p. 139.

³¹ Ibid. p. 140.

³² Ibid. p. 141.

³³ see Townsend, , Poverty in the United KingdomGoogle Scholar – the first study to attempt this comprehensive aggregation for different families.

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³⁵ Report of the Royal Commission on the Distribution of Income and Wealth, Report no. 5, Report on the Standing Reference, HMSO, London, 1977, p. 53.Google Scholar

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⁴⁰ There is no space here for a consideration of social policies directed towards younger adults outside the labour market. Clearly any analysis of dependent status raises a wide range of policy issues in the spheres of industrial organization and wage determination. Debates about those who are better off out of work than in work – usually poorly paid men with children – are carried out solely in terms of supply characteristics such as the individual's attitude to work, as opposed to demand characteristics such as firms’ recruitment policies.

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⁴⁴ Ibid. p. 30.

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⁴⁹ Hunt, op. cit. p. 27.

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⁷⁰ Ibid. p. 23 (my italics).

⁷¹ Ibid. p. 65.

⁷² Schwab, K., ‘Early Labor-Force Withdrawal of Men Participants and Non-Participants Aged 58–63’, in L. M. Irelan, D. K. Motley, K. Schwab, S. R. Sherman and J. Murray, Almost 65: Baseline Data from the Retirement History, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D.C., 1976, pp. 43–56.Google Scholar

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⁷⁵ Ibid. p. 21.

⁷⁶ Orbach, H. L., ‘Normative Aspects of Retirement’, in Tibbitts, C. and Donahue, W. (eds), Social and Psychological Aspects of Ageing, Columbia University Press, New York, 1962, pp. 53–63Google Scholar; and Burfield, R. E., The Automobile Worker and Retirement: A Second Look, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1970.Google Scholar

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