Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-45l2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T02:37:37.969Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Changes in milk and plasma fatty acid profile in response to fish and soybean oil supplementation in dairy sheep

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 March 2013

Eleni Tsiplakou  and
George Zervas
Eleni Tsiplakou*
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece
George Zervas
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece
*
*For correspondence; e-mail: eltsiplakou@aua.gr
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An effective strategy for enhancing the bioactive fatty acids (FA) in sheep milk could be dietary supplementation with a moderate level of a combination of soybean oil with fish oil (SFO) without negative effects on milk yield and its chemical composition. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of a moderate forage diet supplementation with SFO on milk chemical composition and FA profile, as well as on plasma FA. Twelve dairy sheep were assigned to two homogenous sub-groups. Treatments involved a control diet without added oil, and a diet supplemented with 23·6 g soybean oil and 4·7 g fish oil per kg dry matter (DM) of the total ration. The results showed that SFO diet had no effect on milk yield and chemical composition. In blood plasma the concentrations of trans-11 C18:2 (VA), C18:2n-6, C20:5n-3 (EPA) and C22:6n-3 (DHA) were significantly higher while those of C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0 were lower in sheep fed with SFO diet compared with control. The SFO supplementation of sheep diet increased the concentrations of VA, cis-9, trans-11 C18:2 CLA, trans-10, cis-12, C18:2 CLA, EPA, DHA, monounsaturated FA (MUFA), polyusaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and n-3 FA and decreased those of short chain FA (SCFA), medium chain FA (MCFA), the saturated/unsaturated ratio and the atherogenicity index value in milk compared with the control. In conclussion, the SFO supplementation at the above levels in a sheep diet, with moderate forage to concentrate ratio, improved the milk FA profile from human health standpoint without negative effects on its chemical composition.

Keywords

Fish oilsoybean oilmilkfatty acidssheep
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 80 , Issue 2 , May 2013 , pp. 205 - 213
Copyright
Copyright © Proprietors of Journal of Dairy Research 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AbuGhazaleh, AA & Holmes, LD 2007 Diet supplementation with fish oil and sunflower oil to increase conjugated linoleic acid levels in milk fat of partially grazing dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90 2897–2904Google Scholar
AbuGhazaleh, AA, Schingoethe, DJ, Hippen, AR & Kalscheur, KF 2003 Milk conjugated linoleic acid response to fish oil supplementation of diets differing in fatty acid profiles. Journal of Dairy Science 86 944–953Google Scholar
AbuGhazaleh, AA, Felton, DO & Ibrahim, SA 2007 Milk conjugated linoleic acid response to fish oil and sunflower oil supplementation to dairy cows managed under two feeding systems. Journal of Dairy Science 90 4763–4769CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Angulo, J, Mahecha, L, Nuernberg, K, Nuernberg, G, Dannenberger, D, Olivera, M, Boutinaud, M, Leroux, C, Albrechtand, E & Bernard, L 2012 Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant oils and algae on milk fat yield and composition are associated with mammary lipogenic and SREBF1 gene expression. Animal 6 1961–1972Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists International 1984 Official Methods of Analysis. 14th edition, Arlington, VA, USA: AOACGoogle Scholar
Bauman, DE, Perfield, JW II, Harvatine, KJ & Baumgard, LH 2008 Regulation of fat synthesis by conjugated linoleic acid: lactation and ruminant mosel. Journal of Nutrition 133 403–409Google Scholar
Bhat, ZF& Bhat, H 2011 Milk and dairy products as functional foods: a review. International Journal of Dairy Science 6 1–12CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boeckaert, C, Vlaeminck, B, Dijkstra, J, Issa-Zacharia, A, Van Nespen, T, Van Straalen, W & Fievez, V 2008 Effect of dietary starch or micro algae supplementation on rumen fermentation and milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 91 4714–4721Google Scholar
Bondia-Pons, I, Castellote, M & Lopez-Sabater, M 2004 Comparison of conventional and fast gas chromatography in human plasma fatty acid determination. Journal of Chromatography B 809 339–344Google Scholar
British Standards Institution 1955 Gerber Method for the Determination of Fat in Milk Products, BS 696. London, UK: BSIGoogle Scholar
Capper, JL, Winkinson, RG, Mackenzie, AM & Sinclair, LA 2007 The effect of fish oil supplementation of pregnant and lactating ewes on milk production and lamb performance. Animal 1 889–898Google Scholar
Castro, T, Manso, T, Jimeno, V, Del Alamo, M & Mantecónd, AR 2009 Effects of dietary sources of vegetable fats on performance of dairy ewes and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk. Small Ruminant Research 84 47–53Google Scholar
Chilliard, Y & Ferlay, A 2004 Dietary lipids and forages interactions on cow and goat milk fatty acid composition and sensory properties. Nutrition and Development 44 467–492Google ScholarPubMed
Chilliard, Y, Ferlay, A, Mansbridge, RM & Doreau, M 2000 Ruminant milk fat plasticity: nutritional control of saturated, polyunsaturated, trans and conjugated fatty acids. Annual Zootechnical 49 181–205Google Scholar
Cruz-Hernandez, C, Kramer, JK, Kennelly, JJ, Glimm, DR, Sorensen, BM, Okine, EK, Goonewardene, LA& Weselake, RJ 2007 Evaluating the conjugated linoleic acid and trans 18 : 1 isomers in milk fat of dairy cows fed increasing amounts of sunflower oil and a constant level of fish oil. Journal of Dairy Science 90 3786–3801Google Scholar
Gómez-Cortés, P, Toral, PG, Frutos, P, Juárez, M, de la Fuente, MA & Hervás, G 2011a Effect of the supplementation of dairy sheep diet with incremental amounts of sunflower oil on animal performance and milk fatty acid profile. Food Chemistry 125 644–651CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gómez-Cortés, P, de la Fuente, MA, Toral, PG, Frutos, P, Juárez, M & Hervás, G 2011b Effects of different forage: concentrate ratios in dairy ewe diets supplemented with sunflower oil on animal performance and milk fatty acid profile. Journal of Dairy Science 94 4578–4588Google Scholar
Griinari, JM, Dwyer, DA, McGuire, MA, Bauman, DE, Palmquist, DL & Nurmela, KV 1998 Trans-octadecenoic acids and milk fat depression in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 81 1251–1261Google Scholar
Gulda, P, Ishlak, A & AbuGhazaleh, AA 2012 The effect of forage level and oil supplement on Butyrivibrio fibrisolvents and Anaerovibrio lipolytica in continuous culture fermenters. Asian Australian Journal of Animal Science 25 234–239Google Scholar
Hervás, G, Luna, P, Mantecón, AR, Castañares, N, de la Fuente, MA, Juárez, M & Frutos, P 2008 Effect of diet supplementation with sunflower oil on milk production, fatty acid profile and ruminal fermentation in lactating dairy ewes. Journal of Dairy Research 75 399–405CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hu, FB, Manson, JE & Willet, W 2001 Types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease. A critical review. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 20 5–19Google Scholar
International Dairy Federation 1993 Determination of the nitrogen content of milk. Kjeldahl Method. Brussels: International Standard FID-IDF 20b, Part 1Google Scholar
Kadegowda, AK, Bionaz, M, Piperova, LS, Erdman, RA & Loor, JJ 2009 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation and long-chain fatty acids alter lipogenic gene networks in bovine mammary epithelial cells to various extents. Journal of Dairy Science 92 4276–4289Google Scholar
Lee, MR, Shingfield, KJ, Tweed, JK, Toivonen, V, Huws, SA & Scollan, ND 2008 Effect of fish oil on ruminal biohydrogenation of C18 unsaturated fatty acids in steers fed grass or red clover silages. Animal 2 1859–1869Google Scholar
Loor, JJ, Ferlay, A, Ollier, A, Ueda, K, Doreau, M & Chilliard, Y 2005 High-concentrate diets and polyunsaturated oils alter trans and conjugated isomers in bovine rumen, blood, and milk. Journal of Dairy Science 88 3986–3999Google Scholar
Mensink, RP, Zock, PL, Kester, ADM & Katan, MB 2003 Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 77 1146–1155CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nourooz-Zadeh, J & Appelqvist, LA 1998 Cholesterol oxides in Swedish foods and ingredients: milk powder products. Journal of Food Science 53 74–82Google Scholar
Or-Rashid, MM, Kramer, JK, Wood, MA & McBride, BW 2008 Supplemental algal meal alters the ruminal trans-18 : 1 fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid composition in cattle. Journal of Animal Science 86 187–196Google Scholar
Palmquist, DL, Lock, AL, Shingfield, KJ & Bauman, DE 2005 Biosynthesis of ConjugatedLinoleicAcid in Ruminants and Humans. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research 50 179–217Google Scholar
Pulina, G, Nudda, A, Battacone, G & Cannas, A 2006 Effects of nutrition on the contents of fat, protein, somatic cells, aromatic compounds, and undesirable substances in sheep milk. Animal Feed Science and Technology 131 255–291Google Scholar
Reynolds, CK, Cannon, VL & Loerch, SC 2006 Effects of forage source and soybean and marine algal oil supplementation on milk fatty acid composition in ewes. Animal Feed Science and Technology 131 333–357Google Scholar
Ruxton, CHS, Calder, PC, Reed, SC & Simpson, MJA 2005 The impact of long-chain n-3 polyusaturated fatty acids on human health. Nutrition Research Reviews 18 113–129CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sánchez-Machado, DI, Lo´pez-Herna´ndez, J & Paseiro-Losada, P 2002 High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of a-tocopherol in macroalgae. Journal of Chromatography A 976 277–284Google Scholar
Schmidely, P & Sauvant, D 2001 Taux butyreux et la composition de la matière gras du lait chez les petits ruminants: effets de l'apport de matières grasses ou d'aliment concentré. INRA Production Animales 14 337–354CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sessler, AM & Ntambi, JM 1998 Polyunaturated fatty acid regulation of gene expression. Journal of Nutrition 128 923–926Google Scholar
Shingfield, KJ, Reynolds, CK, Hervás, G, Griinari, JM, Grandison, AS & Beever, DE 2006 Examination of the persistency of milk fatty acid composition responses to fish oil and sunflower oil in the diet of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 89 714–732CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shingfield, KJ, Chilliard, Y, Toivonen, V, Kairenius, P & Givens, DI 2008 Trans fatty acids and bioactive lipids in ruminant milk. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 606 3–65Google Scholar
Stockdale, CR, Walker, GP, Wales, WJ, Dalley, DE, Birkett, A, Shen, Z & Doyle, PT 2003 Influence of pasture and concentrates in the diet of grazing dairy cows on the fatty acid composition of milk. Journal of Dairy Research 70 267–276Google Scholar
Toral, PG, Frutos, P, Hervás, G, Gómez-Cortés, P, Juárez, M & de la Fuente, MA 2010a Changes in milk fatty acid profile and animal performance in response to fish oil supplementation, alone or in combination with sunflower oil, in dairy ewes. Journal of Dairy Science 93 1604–1615Google Scholar
Toral, PG, Hervás, G, Gómez-Cortés, P, Frutos, P, Juárez, M & de la Fuente, MA 2010b Milk fatty acid profile and dairy sheep performance in response to diet supplementation with sunflower oil plus incremental levels of marine algae. Journal of Dairy Science 93 1655–1667Google Scholar
Tsiplakou, E & Zervas, G 2008 The effect of dietary inclusion of olive tree leaves and grape marc on the content of conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid in the milk of dairy sheep and goats. Journal of Dairy Research 75 270–278CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsiplakou, E, Mountzouris, KC & Zervas, G 2006 Concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in grazing sheep and goat milk fat. Livestock Science 103 74–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsiplakou, E, Chadio, S, Papadomichelakis, G & Zervas, G 2012 The effect of long term under-and over – feeding on milk and plasma fatty acids profile and on insulin and leptin concentrations of sheep. International Dairy Journal 24 87–92Google Scholar
Tyburczy, C, Major, C, Lock, AL, Destaillats, F, Lawrence, P, Brenna, JT, Salter, AM & Bauman, DE 2009 Individual trans octadecenoic acids and partially hydrogenated vegetable oil differentially affect hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in golden Syrian hamsters. Journal of Nutrition 139 257–263Google Scholar
Ulbricht, TLV & Southgate, DAT 1991 Coronary heart disease: seven dietary factors. Lancet 338 985–992CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB & Lewis, BA 1991 Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharide in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74 3583–3597CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zervas, G 2007 Ration Formulation. Stamoulis: Athens, GreeceGoogle Scholar