Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-t5pn6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T10:45:50.989Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Time, Space, and Structure in the Consolidation of the T'ang Dynasty (a.d. 617–700)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2011

Robert M. Somers
Get access

Extract

This article is a pioneering effort to analyze the establishment and consolidation of the T'ang dynasty in processual and systemic terms. The author argues that the extension of dynastic power over the North China Plain was a much more gradual process than hitherto thought, and he reinterprets early T'ang policies in this light. He then examines the structure of the dynasty, using the analytical framework developed by Amitai Etzioni. In the final section, the author considers the mature dynasty under Hsüan-tsung and suggests comparisons with the Roman Empire.

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 45 , Issue 5 , November 1986 , pp. 971 - 994
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

Adams, Richard N., ed. 1970. Crucifixion by Power: Essays in Guatemalan Social Structure. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Backus, Charles. 1977. “The Nan-chao Kingdom and Frontier Policy in Southwest China during the Sui and T'ang Periods.” Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Princeton University.Google Scholar
Badian, E. 1977. Book review of Luttwak's The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire. New York Review of Books, 24, no. 11 (July 23).Google Scholar
Balazs, Etienne. 1964. Chinese Civilization and Bureaucracy: Variations on a Theme. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Beattie, Hilary. 1979. Land and Lineage in China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bielenstein, Hans. 1959. “The Chinese Colonization of Fukien until the End of the T'ang.” In Studio Serica Bernhard Karlgren Dedicata. Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard.Google Scholar
Bingham, Woodbridge. 1941. The Founding of the T'ang Dynasty: The Fall of Sui and the Rise of T'ang. Baltimore: Waverly Press.Google Scholar
Boulding, Kenneth. 1953. The Organizational Revolution. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Chung-li, Chang. 1962. The Income of the Chinese Gentry. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Chavannes, Edouard. 1910. Le T'ai Chan: Essai de Monographie d'un Culte Chinois. Paris: Ernest Leroux.Google Scholar
Commons, J. R. 1957. Legal Foundations of Capitalism. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Dien, Albert. 1977. “Bestowal of Surnames Under the Western Wei-Northern Chou: A Case of Counter-Acculturation.” T'oung Pao 63, no. 2–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Etzioni, Amitai. 1966. “Force and Its Transformation.” In Lenski, Gerhard, ed., Power and Privilege: A Theory of Social Stratification. New York: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Etzioni, Amitai. 1968. The Active Society: A Theory of Societal and Political Processes. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Etzioni, Amitai. 1975. A Comparative Analysis of Complex Organizations. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Farquhar, David M. 1981. “Structure and Function in the Yüan Imperial Government.” In Langois, John D. Jr., ed., China Under Mongol Rule. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Febvre, Lucien. 1973. “Frontière: The Word and the Concept.” In Burke, Peter, ed., A New Kind of History, from the Writings of Lucien Febvre. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Yin, Feng. 1963. Feng-shih wen-chien-chi. In Chin-T'ang cha-chi liu chung. Taipei: Shihchieh shu-chü.Google Scholar
Feuerwerker, Albert. 1969. The Chinese Economy, ca. 1870–1911 Michigan Papers in Chinese Studies, 5. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Fitzgerald, Frances. 1973. Fire in the Lake: The Vietnamese and the Americans in Vietnam. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Fried, Morton. 1967. The Evolution of Political Society: An Essay in Political Anthropology. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Gallin, Bernard and Rita, . 1977. “Sociopolitical Power and Sworn Brothers Groups in Chinese Society: A Taiwanese Case.” In Fogelson, Raymond D. and Adams, Richard N., eds., The Anthropology of Power: Ethnographic Studies from Asia, Oceania and the New World. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford. 1973. “Politics Past, Politics Present: Some Notes on the Uses of Anthropology in Understanding the New States.” In Geertz's collection, The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Gillin, Donald. 1967. Warlord: Yen Hsi-shan in Shansi Province. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yü, Han. 1967. “Ou-yang sheng ai-tz'u.” In Ch'i-ch'ang, Ma, ed., Han Ch'ang-li wenchi chiao-chu. Taipei: Shih-chieh shu-chü.Google Scholar
Hintze, Otto. 1968. “The State in Historical Perspective.” In Bendix, Reinhard, ed., State and Society: A Reader in Comparative Political Sociology. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Jamieson, John C. 1978. “The Manchurian Kingdom of Po-hai.”Paper prepared for the Regional Conference on Korean Studies, University of British Columbia.Google Scholar
Janowitz, Morris. 1960. The Professional Soldier. Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press.Google Scholar
King, Preston. 1974. The Ideology of Order: A Comparative Analysis of Jean Bodin and Thomas Hobbes. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Laslett, Peter. 1965. The World We Have Lost. London: Methuen & Co.Google Scholar
Lenski, Gerhard. 1966. Power and Privilege: A Theory of Social Stratification. New York: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Luttwak, Edward N. 1976. The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Hiroshi, Matsui, Iwakichi, Inaba, and Wataru, Sasauchi. 1913. “Zui-Tō nichō Kokurei ensei no chiri.” In Kurakichi, Shiratori, ed., Manshū rekishi chiri, I. Tokyo.Google Scholar
Newman, F. L. 1950. “Approaches to the Study of Political Power.” Political Science Quarterly 65.Google Scholar
Noboru, Niida. 1939. “To no hōshaku oyobi shokuhōsei.” Tōyō gakuhō 10, no. 1.Google Scholar
Chōfū, Nunome. 1968. “Ri Mitsu no hanran.” In Nunome's collection, Zui-Tō shi kenkyū. Kyoto: Tōyōshi kenkyūkai.Google Scholar
Pearson, M. N. 1975. “Shivaji and the Decline of the Mughal Empire.” Journal of Asian Studies 35, no. 1 (Nov.).Google Scholar
Powell, John Duncan. 1970. “Peasant Society and Clientist Politics.” American Political Science Review 64, no. 2 (June).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pulleyblank, Edwin G. 1955. The Background of the Rebellion of An Lu-shan. London: School of Oriental and African Studies.Google Scholar
Pulleyblank, Edwin G. 1962. “Registration of Population in China in the Sui and T'ang Periods.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 4, no. 3.Google Scholar
Schafer, Edward. 1967. The Vermilion Bird: T'ang Images of the South. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Skinner, G. William. 1964. “Marketing and Social Structure in Rural China, Part I.” Journal of Asian Studies 24, no. 1 (Nov.).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skinner, G. William. 1965. “Marketing and Social Structure in Rural China, Part II.” Journal of Asian Studies 24, no. 2 (Feb.).Google Scholar
Skinner, G. William. 1969. “Compliance Succession in Rural Communist China.” In Etzioni, Amitai, ed., A Sociological Reader on Complex Organizations. New York: Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
Skinner, G. William. 1971. “Chinese Peasants and the Closed Community: An Open and Shut Case.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skinner, G. William. 1977. “Cities and the Hierarchy of Local Systems.” In Skinner, G. William, ed., The City in Late Imperial China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Skinner, G. William. 1977a. “Introduction: Urban Development in Imperial China.” In Skinner, G. William, ed., The City in Late Imperial China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Skinner, G. William. 1977b. “Regional Urbanization in Nineteenth-Century China.” In Skinner, G. William, ed., The City in Late Imperial China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Skinner, G. William. 1977c. “Regional Systems in Late Imperial China.”Paper prepared for the second annual meeting of the Social Science History Association.Google Scholar
Smith, Carol. 1976. “Regional Economic Systems: Linking Geographical Models and Socioeconomic Problems.” In Smith, Carol, ed., Regional Analysis. Vol. 1: Economic Systems. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Somers, Robert. 1978. “The Sui Legacy.” In Wright, Arthur F., ed., The Sui Dynasty: The Unification of China, A.D. 581–617. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar
Somers, Robert. 1979. “The End of the T'ang.” In Twitchett, Denis C., ed., The Cambridge History of China. Vol. Ill: Sui-T'ang. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Strayer, Joseph. 1970. On the Medieval Origins of the Modern State. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Tuchman, Barbara. 1971. Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911–1945. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Twitchett, Denis C. 1965. “Provincial Autonomy and Central Finance in Late T'ang.” Asia Major, n.s., 11, no. 2.Google Scholar
Twitchett, Denis C. 1966. “The T'ang Market System.” Asia Major, n.s., 12, no. 2.Google Scholar
Wakeman, Frederic Jr. 1975. The Fall of Imperial China. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Gungwu, Wang. 1973. “The Middle Yangtze in T'ang Politics.” In Wright, Arthur F. and Twitchett, Denis C., eds., Perspectives on the T'ang. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Watson, Burton. 1961. Records of the Grand Historian: Translated from the Shi-chi of Ssu-ma Ch'ien. Vol. 2: The Age of Emperor Wu, 140 to circa 100 B.C. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Wechsler, Howard. 1973. “Factionalism in Early T'ang Government.” In Wright, Arthur F. and Twitchett, Denis C., eds., Perspectives on the T'ang. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Wechsler, Howard. 1974. Mirror to the Son of Heaven: Wei Cheng at the Court of T'ang T'ai-tsung. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Weinstein, Stanley. 1973. “Imperial Patronage in the Formation of T'ang Buddhism.” In Wright, Arthur F. and Twitchett, Denis C., eds., Perspectives on the T'ang. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Whyte, Martin King. 1974. Small Groups and Political Rituals in China. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wittfogel, Karl A. 1957. Oriental Despotism: A Comparative Study of Total Power. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Wolf, Eric. 1956. “Aspects of Group Relations in a Complex Society.” American Anthropologist 58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, Arthur F. 1957. “The Formation of Sui Ideology, 581–604.” In Fairbank, John K., ed., Chinese Thought and Institutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hiroshi, Yamazaki. 1969. “Zuichō gyōdai kō.” In Kaneda Hakase Kanreki Kinen Rekishigaku Ronsō. Tokyo: Kaneda Hakase Kanreki Kinen Kai.Google Scholar
Ken-wang, Yen. 1969. “Kuo-ti-chih shu-lūeh tu-tu-fu kuan chou k'ao.” In Yen's collection, T'ang-tai yen-chiu ts'ung-kao. Hong Kong: Hsin-ya yen-chiu ch'u-panshe.Google Scholar
Hiroo, Yokoyama. 1968. “Tōdai no gepposei no seiritsu ni tsuite—Tō kanryō hōroku kō no ichi.” Tōyōshi kenkyō 27, no. 3 (Dec).Google Scholar