Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-zzh7m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T17:53:13.078Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Genetic variation and association among factors influencing storage root bulking in cassava

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 October 2014

R. TUMUHIMBISE ,
P. SHANAHAN ,
R. MELIS  and
R. KAWUKI
R. TUMUHIMBISE*
Affiliation:
African Centre for Crop Improvement, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa National Agricultural Research Laboratories, National Agricultural Research organization, P.O. Box 7065, Kampala, Uganda
P. SHANAHAN
Affiliation:
African Centre for Crop Improvement, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
R. MELIS
Affiliation:
African Centre for Crop Improvement, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
R. KAWUKI
Affiliation:
National Crops Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
*
*To whom all correspondence should be addressed. Email: rtumuhimbise@kari.go.ug
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important storage root crop with largely unexplored and unexplained potentially valuable genetic variability. Genetic variability is important in selecting suitable genotypes for crop improvement. The present study was aimed at assessing the extent of variability in cassava storage root bulking, based on fresh storage root yield accumulated over time. Twelve cassava genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design at three contrasting locations in Uganda. Assessments were done from 5 to 13 months after planting at intervals of 2 months. Genotype, harvest time, location and their interactions were significantly different for fresh storage root yield and most of the other traits assessed. Estimates of variance components revealed that a large portion of the phenotypic variance was accounted for by the genotypic component for all traits assessed indicative of substantial genetic variability among the genotypes evaluated. This genetic variability is important in a hybridization and/or selection programme because it implies that significant genetic gain through phenotypic selection is possible for the traits assessed. Fresh storage root yield was positively and significantly correlated with storage root girth, harvest index, shoot mass and storage root number. The information generated will inform future breeding initiatives to develop early-bulking cassava genotypes with farmer-preferred traits in Uganda.

Type
Crops and Soils Research Papers
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 153 , Issue 7 , September 2015 , pp. 1267 - 1280
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aina, O. O., Dixon, A. G. O. & Akinrinde, A. E. (2007). Genetic variability in cassava as it influences storage root yield in Nigeria. Journal of Biological Sciences 7, 765–770.Google Scholar
Akinwale, M. G., Akinyele, B. O., Dixon, A. G. O. & Odiyi, A. C. (2010). Genetic variability among forty-three cassava genotypes in three agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science 2, 104–109.Google Scholar
Amenorpe, G., Amoatey, H. M., Darkwa, A., Banini, G. K. & Elloh, V. W. (2007). Peak root and starch weights of ten early bulking cultivars of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Ghana. Journal of the Ghana Science Association 9, 54–60.Google Scholar
Bassey, E. E. & Harry, G. I. (2013). Screening cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) genotypes for tuber bulking, early maturity and optimum harvesting time in Uyo, South Eastern Nigeria. Peak Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1, 83–88.Google Scholar
Burns, A., Gleadow, R., Cliff, J., Zacarias, A. & Cavagnaro, T. (2011). Cassava, the drought, war and famine crop in a changing world. Sustainability 2, 3572–3607.Google Scholar
Burton, G. W. & DeVane, E. H. (1953). Estimating heritability in tall fescus (Festuca arundinacea) from replicated clonal material. Agronomy Journal 45, 478–481.Google Scholar
Ceballos, H., Kulakow, P. & Hershey, C. (2012). Cassava breeding: current status, bottlenecks and the potential of biotechnology tools. Tropical Plant Biology 5, 73–87.Google Scholar
Ekanayake, I. J., Osiru, D. S. O. & Porto, M. C. M. (1998). Physiology of Cassava. 3rd edn. IITA Research Guide no. 55. Ibadan, Nigeria: IITA.Google Scholar
El-Sharkawy, M. A. (2004). Cassava biology and physiology. Plant Molecular Biology 56, 481–501.Google Scholar
El-Sharkawy, M. A. (2012). Stress-tolerant cassava: the role of integrative ecophysiology-breeding research in crop improvement. Open Journal of Soil Science 2, 162–186.Google Scholar
FAO (2012). FAOSTAT: Crops and Products Domain. Rome, Italy: FAO. Available online from: http://faostat.fao.org (Accessed 19 March 2014).Google Scholar
Hallauer, A. R. & Miranda, J. B. (1981). Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Hartley, H. O. (1950). The use of range in analysis of variance. Biometrika 37, 271–280.Google Scholar
Hershey, C. (in press). Cassava Genetic Improvement: Theory and Practice. Rome: FAO.Google Scholar
Hillocks, R. J., Raya, M. & Thresh, J. M. (1996). The association between root necrosis and above-ground symptoms of brown streak virus infection of cassava in southern Tanzania. International Journal of Pest Management 42, 285–289.Google Scholar
IITA (1990). Cassava in Tropical Africa, a Reference Manual. Ibadan, Nigeria: IITA.Google Scholar
Izumi, Y., Yuliadi, E., Sunyoto, & Iijima, M. (1999). Root system development including root branching in cuttings of cassava with reference to shoot growth and tuber bulking. Plant Production Science 2, 267–272.Google Scholar
Kamau, J., Melis, R., Laing, M., Derera, J., Shanahan, P. & Ngugi, E. C. K. (2011). Farmers' participatory selection for early bulking cassava genotypes in semi-arid Eastern Kenya. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science 3, 44–52.Google Scholar
Kawano, K. (1987). Inherent and environmental factors related to cassava varietal selection. In Cassava Breeding: a Multidisciplinary Review (Ed. Hershey, C. H.), pp. 207–226. Cali, Colombia: CIAT.Google Scholar
Kawano, K., Fukuda, W. M. G. & Cenpukdee, U. (1987). Genetic and environmental effects on dry matter content of cassava. Crop Science 27, 69–74.Google Scholar
Kawuki, R. S., Ferguson, M., Labuschagne, M. T., Herselman, L., Orone, J., Ralimanana, I., Bidiaka, M., Lukombo, S., Kanyange, M. C., Gashaka, G., Mkamilo, G., Gethi, J. & Obiero, H. (2011). Variation in qualitative and quantitative traits of cassava germplasm from selected national breeding programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. Field Crops Research 122, 151–156.Google Scholar
Lahai, M. T. & Ekanayake, I. J. (2009). Accumulation and distribution of dry matter in relation to root yield of cassava under a fluctuating water table in inland valley ecology. African Journal of Biotechnology 8, 4895–4905.Google Scholar
Lahai, M. T., George, J. B. & Ekanayake, I. J. (1999). Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) growth indices, root yield and its components in upland and inland valley ecologies of Sierra Leone. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 182, 239–248.Google Scholar
Ngeve, J. M. (2003). Cassava root yields and culinary qualities as affected by harvest age and test environment. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 83, 249–257.Google Scholar
Ntawuruhunga, P. & Dixon, A. G. O. (2010). Quantitative variation and interrelationship between factors influencing cassava yield. Journal of Applied Biosciences 26, 1594–1602.Google Scholar
Okechukwu, R. U. & Dixon, A. G. O. (2009). Performance of improved cassava genotypes for early bulking, disease resistance, and culinary qualities in an inland valley ecosystem. Agronomy Journal 101, 1258–1265.Google Scholar
Okogbenin, E. & Fregene, M. (2002). Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of early root bulking in an F1 population of non-inbred parents in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 106, 58–66.Google Scholar
Parkes, E. Y., Fregene, M., Dixon, A., Boakye-Peprah, B. & Labuschagne, M. T. (2013). Combining ability of cassava genotypes for cassava mosaic disease and cassava bacterial blight, yield and its related components in two ecological zones in Ghana. Euphytica 194, 13–24.Google Scholar
Payne, R. W., Harding, S. A., Murray, D. A., Soutar, D. M., Baird, D. B., Glaser, A. I., Welham, S. J., Gilmour, A. R., Thompson, R. & Webster, R. (2011). The Guide to Genstat Release 14, Part 2: Statistics. Hemel Hempstead, UK: VSN International.Google Scholar
Suja, G., John, K. S., Sreekumar, J. & Srinivas, T. (2010). Short-duration cassava genotypes for crop diversification in the humid tropics: growth dynamics, biomass, yield and quality. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 90, 188–198.Google Scholar
Tumuhimbise, R., Melis, R., Shanahan, P. & Kawuki, R. (2012). Farmers' perceptions on early storage root bulking in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in east and central Uganda and their implication for cassava breeding. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 8, 403–408.Google Scholar
Wholey, D. W. & Cock, J. H. (1974). Onset and rate of root bulking in cassava. Experimental Agriculture 10, 193–198.Google Scholar
Zenone, T., Morelli, G., Teobaldelli, M., Fischanger, F., Matteucci, M., Sordini, M., Armani, A., Ferrè, C., Chiti, T. & Seufert, G. (2008). Preliminary use of ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography to study tree roots in pine forests and poplar plantations. Functional Plant Biology 35, 1047–1058.Google Scholar