Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T05:36:33.773Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Non-marine arthropod traces from the subaerial Ordovician Borrowdale Volcanic Group, English Lake District

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

E. W. Johnson ,
D. E. G. Briggs ,
R. J. Suthren ,
J. L. Wright  and
S. P. Tunnicliff
E. W. Johnson
Affiliation:
British Geological Survey, Windsor Court, Windsor Terrace, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HB, UK
D. E. G. Briggs
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Bristol, Queen's Road, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK
R. J. Suthren
Affiliation:
Geology and Cartography Division, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
J. L. Wright
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Bristol, Queen's Road, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK
S. P. Tunnicliff
Affiliation:
Biostratigraphy Group, British Geological Survey, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Arthropod trace fossils are described from the Borrowdale Volcanic Group, a sequence otherwise devoid of faunal evidence. Two forms, both made by the same probably myriapod-like organism, are assigned to the ichnogenera Diplichnites and Diplopodichnus. The lithologies preserving the trace fossils are non-marine and may have been deposited in a freshwater lacustrine environment; some of the traces were probably made in temporarily emergent conditions. The change from one form of trace to the other reflects drying out of the substrate. The trace fossils probably record some of the earliest freshwater arthropods, before the widespread colonization of land by the group.

Type
Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 131 , Issue 3 , May 1994 , pp. 395 - 406
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allison, P. A. & Briggs, D. E. G. 1991. Taphonomy of nonmineralised tissues. In Taphonomy (eds Allison, P. A. & Briggs, D. E. G.), pp. 26–70. New York: Plenum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergström, J. 1979. Morphology of fossil arthropods as a guide to phylogenetic relationships. In Arthropod Phylogeny (ed. Gupta, A. P.), pp. 3–56. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.Google Scholar
Bradshaw, M. A. 1981. Paleoenvironmental interpretations and systematics of Devonian trace fossils from the Taylor Group (lower Beacon Supergroup), Antarctica. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 24, 615–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brady, L. F. 1947. Invertebrate tracks from the Coconino Sandstone of Northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 21, 466–72.Google Scholar
Branney, M. J. 1988. The subaerial setting of the Ordovician Borrowdale Volcanic Group, English Lake District. Journal of the Geological Society, London 145, 887–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Branney, M. J. 1991. Eruption and depositional facies of the Whorneyside Tuff Formation, English Lake District: an exceptionally large-magnitude phreatoplinian eruption. Geological Society of America Bulletin 103, 886–97.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Branney, M. J. & Kokelaar, B. P. 1994. Volcanotectonic faulting, soft-state deformation and rheomorphism of tuffs during development of a piecemeal caldera, English Lake District. Geological Society of America Bulletin, in press.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Branney, M. J. & Soper, N. J. 1988. Ordovician volcano-tectonics in the English Lake District. Journal of the Geological Society, London 145, 367–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briggs, D. E. G., Plint, A. G. & Pickerill, R. K. 1984. Arthropleura trails from the Westphalian of Eastern Canada. Palaeontology 27, 843–55.Google Scholar
Briggs, D. E. G., Rolfe, W. D. I. & Brannan, J. 1979. A giant myriapod trail from the Namurian of Arran, Scotland. Palaeontology 22, 273–91.Google Scholar
British Geological Survey 1991 a. Devoke Water and Ulpha SD 19. Solid and Drift. 1:25000. Southampton: Ordnance Survey for the British Geological Survey.Google Scholar
British Geological Survey 1991 b. Broughton Mills SD 29 SW. Solid and Drift. 1:10000. Keyworth, Nottingham, British Geological Survey.Google Scholar
British Geological Survey 1992. Beathwaite NY 21 SW. Solid and Drift. 1:10000. Keyworth, Nottingham, British Geological Survey.Google Scholar
Chlupáč, I. & Havlíček, V. 1965. Kodymirus n.g. a new aglaspid merostome of the Cambrian of Bohemia. Sbornik Geologickych Ved Paleontologie 6, 7–20.Google Scholar
Dawson, J. W. 1862. Notice of the discovery of additional remains of land animals in the Coal Measures of the South Joggins, Nova Scotia. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 18, 5–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, J. W. 1873. Impressions and footprints of aquatic animals and imitative markings, on Carboniferous rocks. American Journal of Science 105, 16–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fillion, D. & Pickerill, R. K. 1990. Ichnology of the Upper Cambrian? to Lower Ordovician Bell Island and Wabana groups of eastern Newfoundland, Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana 7, 119 pp.Google Scholar
Gevers, T. W., Frakes, L. A., Edwards, L. N. & Marzolf, J. E. 1971. Trace Fossils in the Lower Beacon sediments (Devonian) Darwin Mountains, Southern Victoria Land, Antartica. Journal of Paleontology 45, 81–94.Google Scholar
Goldring, R. & Seilacher, A. 1971. Limulid undertracks and their sedimentological implications. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie. Abhandlungen 137, 422–42.Google Scholar
Gray, J. 1988. Evolution of the freshwater ecosystem: The fossil record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 62, 1–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, J. & Shear, W. 1992. Early life on land. American Scientist 80, 444–56.Google Scholar
Howells, M. F., Reedman, A. J. & Campbell, S. D. G. 1991. Ordovician (Caradoc) marginal basin volcanism in Snowdonia (north-west Wales). London: HMSO for the British Geological Survey, xii+191 pp.Google Scholar
Kneller, B. C. & McConnell, B. J. 1993. The Seathwaite Fell Formation. British Geological Survey Technical Report, WA/93/43.Google Scholar
Kokelaar, B. P., Branney, M. J. & Suthren, R. J. 1990. Excursion A: Shallow basinal sedimentation during a phreatoplinian eruption: the Whorneyside Formation at Sour Milk Gill. In Volcanogenic Sedimentation in Ancient Terrains, Field Guide I: The English Lake District – an Ordovician continental arc. International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior/International Association of Sedimentologists Field Workshop, 08 1990, A1–A15.Google Scholar
Lee, M. K. 1989. Upper crustal structure of the Lake District from modelling and image processing of potential field data. British Geological Survey Technical Report, WK/89/1.Google Scholar
Little, C. 1983. The Colonization of Land. Origins and adaptations of terrestrial animals. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Manton, S. M. 1950. The evolution of arthropodan locomotory mechanisms. Part 1. The locomotion of Peripatus. Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology) 41, 529–70.Google Scholar
McNamara, K. J. & Trewin, N. H. 1993. A euthycarcinoid arthropod from the Silurian of Western Australia. Palaeontology 36, 319–35.Google Scholar
Mitchell, G. H. 1956 a. The geological history of the Lake District. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 30, 407–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, G. H. 1956 b. The Borrowdale Volcanic Series of the Dunnerdale Fells, Lancashire. Liverpool and Manchester Geological Journal 1, 428–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molyneux, S. G. 1988. Micropalaeontological evidence for the age of the Borrowdale Volcanic group. Geological Magazine 125, 541–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moseley, F. 1978. The Geology of the Lake District: an introductory review. In The Geology of the Lake District (ed. Moseley, F.) pp. 1–16. Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional Publication number 3. Leeds: Yorkshire Geological Society.Google Scholar
Moseley, F. & Millward, D. 1982. Ordovician volcanicity in the English Lake District. In Igneous Rocks of the British Isles (ed. Sutherland, D.S.), pp. 93–111. London: Wiley.Google Scholar
Osgood, R. G. Jr, 1970. Trace fossils of the Cincinnati area. Palaeontographica Americana 6 (41), 280–444.Google Scholar
Parks, M. 1992. Caradoc brachiopods from the Leinster Terrane (SE Ireland) – a lost piece of the Iapetus puzzle. Terra Nova 4, 223–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petterson, M. G., Beddow-Stephens, B., Millward, D. & Johnson, E. W. 1992. A pre-caldera plateau-andesite field in the Borrowdale Volcanic Group of the English Lake District. Journal of the Geological Society of the English Lake District 149, 889–906.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, R. W. & Kneller, B. C. 1990. A report on the Ashgill and Llandovery age rocks of Sheet 38 (Ambleside). British Geological Survey, Technical Report wa/90/63, 35 pp.Google Scholar
Seilacher, A. 1955. Spuren und Lebenweise der Trilobiten. In Beiträge zur Kenntis des Kambriums in der Salt Range (Pakistan) (Schindewolf, O. H. and Seilacher, A.), pp. 342–72. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur zu Mainz, Mathematisch-Naturwissen-Schaftliche Klasse, Abhandlungen 10.Google Scholar
Skevington, D. 1970. Graptolites from the Ballymoney area. Appendix in The stratigraphy and the structure of the Ordovician rocks between Courtown and Kilmichael Point, Co. Wexford (Brenchley, P. J. and Treagus, J. E.), pp. 83–102. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 69b.Google Scholar
Soper, N. J. & Moseley, F. 1978. Structure. In The Geology of the Lake District (ed. Moseley, F.), pp. 45–67. Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional Publication number 3. Leeds: Yorkshire Geological Society.Google Scholar
Taylor, B. J., Burgess, I. C., Land, D. H., Mills, D. A. C., Smith, D. B. & Warren, P. T. 1971. British Regional Geology: Northern England, 4th ed. London: HMSO. 121 pp.Google Scholar
Williams, A., Strachan, I., Bassett, D. A., Dean, W. T., Ingham, J. K., Wright, A. D. & Whittington, H. B. 1972. A Correlation of Ordovician Rocks in the British Isles. Geological Society of London Special Report no. 3, 74 pp.Google Scholar