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Mobilisation pénale et cycle politique au Canada : étude de cas de 104 résidents permanents haïtiens déportés pour criminalité entre 1989 et 2009

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 January 2016

Marc Tremblay-Faulkner
Marc Tremblay-Faulkner*
Affiliation:
Département de science politiqueUniversité de Montréal
*
Département de science politique, Université de Montréal, Email: marc.tremblay-faulkner@umontreal.ca
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Abstract

Criminal deportation policy in Canada follows a cyclical rather than a linear or partisan pattern. Based on a case study of Haitian residents deported between 1989 and 2009, I argue that criminal deportation cannot be explained as a stable proportion of the pool of permanent residents, but rather in terms of the political attention it generates. A change-point analysis identified two separate political mobilization phases. During the first phase (1994–1998), the integration of long-term residents is defined as a political issue and is translated into legislation (Bill C-44). The second phase (2003–2005) is a new episode of expansion that reformulated the issue around the concepts of risk and efficiency (Bill C-11). Despite recent legal reforms designed to accelerate removals of foreign criminals (Bills C-43 and C-60), the arrival of the Conservative Party (2006–2009) coincided with a decrease in criminal deportations during the period under review.

Résumé

La politique de déportation criminelle épouse une trajectoire cyclique et non partisane. Sur la base d'une étude de cas de résidents haïtiens déportés pour criminalité entre 1989 et 2009, je soutiens que la déportation criminelle ne s'explique pas comme une proportion stable du bassin de résidents permanents mais par l'attention politique qu'elle génère. Une analyse de points de rupture multiple distingue deux phases de mobilisation pénales distinctes. La première phase (1994–1998) correspond à la désignation du problème, puis à sa formulation en projet de loi (C-44). La deuxième phase (2003–2005) correspond à un nouvel épisode de durcissement par une reformulation de l'enjeu autour des notions de risque et d'efficacité (C-11). Malgré le dépôt de réformes législatives visant à accélérer la politique de déportation criminelle (C-43, C-60), l'arrivée du Parti conservateur (2006–2009) correspond à une baisse de la mobilisation pénale durant la période à l’étude.

Type
Research Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique , Volume 48 , Issue 3 , September 2015 , pp. 601 - 623
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Political Science Association (l'Association canadienne de science politique) and/et la Société québécoise de science politique 2016 

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